Emissions from light duty gasoline vehicles operating on low blend ethanol gasoline and E85

Graham, Lisa; Belisle, Sheri L.; Baas, Cara-Lynn

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.01.061

Cited by 188 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…A 3-fold higher fleet average emissions rate was observed for E10 compared to ULP. This is consistent with other studies that report little or no change in formaldehyde and significant increases in acetaldehyde for low ethanol blends [5][6][7]. The BTEX, 1,3-butadiene and styrene air toxic emissions generally trend downwards with increases in the ethanol content of the fuel, as did the ozone precursor hydrocarbons.…”

Section: Measurement Of Exhaust Emissionssupporting

confidence: 80%

The Health Impacts of Ethanol Blend Petrol

Beer

Carras

Worth³

et al. 2011

Energies

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Section: Measurement Of Exhaust Emissionssupporting

confidence: 80%

The Health Impacts of Ethanol Blend Petrol

Beer

Carras

Worth³

et al. 2011

Energies

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“…Furthermore, this multi-year data set illustrated that the mixing ratios of reactive NMHCs (specifically C 5 -C 6 alkanes, propene, toluene), and C 2 HCl 3 were enhanced in the summer relative to their springtime minimums indicating a persistent influence from evaporative emissions each year. Previous fuel emission studies have observed increased evaporative emissions from gasoline containing ethanol (e.g., Durbin et al, 2007;Graham et al, 2008). The results from this study will be valuable for evaluating and documenting the impact of new federal regulations enacted in 2005-2007 for motor vehicle emissions (http: //www.epa.gov/otaq/gasoline) (i.e., MTBE ban and switch to E10) and dry cleaning solvents on the ambient levels of VOCs in this region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-year (2004–2008) record of nonmethane hydrocarbons and halocarbons in New England: seasonal variations and regional sources

et al. 2010

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Abstract. Multi-year time series records of C 2 -C 6 alkanes, C 2 -C 4 alkenes, ethyne, isoprene, C 6 -C 8 aromatics, trichloroethene (C 2 HCl 3 ), and tetrachloroethene (C 2 Cl 4 ) from canister samples collected during January 2004-February 2008 at the University of New Hampshire (UNH) AIRMAP Observatory at Thompson Farm (TF) in Durham, NH are presented. The objectives of this work are to identify the sources of nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) and halocarbons observed at TF, characterize the seasonal and interannual variability in ambient mixing ratios and sources, and estimate regional emission rates of NMHCs. Analysis of correlations and comparisons with emission ratios indicated that a ubiquitous and persistent mix of emissions from several anthropogenic sources is observed throughout the entire year. The highest C 2 -C 8 anthropogenic NMHC mixing ratios were observed in mid to late winter. Following the springtime minimums, the C 3 -C 6 alkanes, C 7 -C 8 aromatics, and C 2 HCl 3 increased in early to mid summer, presumably reflecting enhanced evaporative emissions. Mixing ratios of C 2 Cl 4 and C 2 HCl 3 decreased by 0.7±0.2 and 0.3±0.05 pptv/year, respectively, which is indicative of reduced usage and emissions of these halogenated solvents. Emission rates of C 3 -C 8 NMHCs were estimated to be 10 9 to 10 10 molecules cm −2 s −1 in winter 2006. The emission rates extrapolated to the state of New Hampshire and New England were ∼2-60 Mg/day and ∼12-430 Mg/day, respectively. Emission rates of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, Correspondence to: R. S. Russo (rrusso@gust.sr.unh.edu) xylenes, and ethyne in the 2002 and 2005 EPA National Emissions Inventories were within ±50% of the TF emission rates.

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“…The rich air/fuel calibration of four-stroke engines may limit the availability of oxygen for postcombustion oxidation of HC and CO (Gong et al, 2011;Graham et al, 2008;Yao et al, 2011). For this reason a simple passive secondary air injection system (SAI), with a reed valve, has been adopted as a standard component upstream of the catalyst to provide excess air to the catalyst and to further oxidize engine-out gases.…”

Section: Equipment and Analysis Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioethanol–gasoline fuel blends: Exhaust emissions and morphological characterization of particulate from a moped engine

Seggiani

Prati

Costagliola

et al. 2012

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of gasoline-ethanol blends on the exhaust emissions in a catalyst-equipped fourstroke moped engine. The ethanol was blended with unleaded gasoline in at percentages (10, 15, and 20% v/v). The regulated pollutants and the particulate matter emissions were evaluated over the European ECE R47 driving cycle on the chassis dynamometer bench. Particulate matter was characterized in terms of total mass collected on filters and total number of particles in the range 7 nm-10 mm measured by electrical low-pressure impactor (ELPI). In addition, particle-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emissions were evaluated to assess the health impact of the emitted particulate. Finally, an accurate morphological analysis was performed on the particulate by high-resolution transmission electron microscope (TEM) equipped with a digital image-processing/data-acquisition system. In general, CO emission reductions of 60-70% were obtained with 15 and 20% v/v ethanol blends, while the ethanol use did not reduce hydrocarbon (HC) and NO x emissions. No evident effect of ethanol on the particulate mass emissions and associated PAHs emissions was observed. Twenty-one PAHs were quantified in the particulate phase with emissions ranging from 26 to 35 mg/km and benzo[a]pyrene equivalent (BaPeq) emission factors from 2.2 to 4.1 mg/km. Both particulate matter and associated PAHs with higher carcinogenic risk were mainly emitted in the submicrometer size range (<0.1 mm). On the basis of the TEM observations, no relevant effect of the ethanol use on the particulate morphology was evidenced, showing aggregates composed of primary particles with mean diameters in the range 17.5-32.5 nm.Implications: Mopeds may contribute in a large share to air pollution in some major urban areas; therefore, efforts may be taken to reduce their emissions. The addition of ethanol into gasoline (up 20% v/v) leads to a significant reduction of CO emission at the exhaust of a catalyzed 4-S moped, whereas this does not reduce HC and NOx. No clear effects on particulate matter and associated PAHs emissions have been observed with ethanol addition, but particulate-phase PAHs were mainly found on submicrometer-size particles (<0.1 mm), which penetrate deeply into the human respiratory tract.

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Emissions from light duty gasoline vehicles operating on low blend ethanol gasoline and E85

Cited by 188 publications

References 8 publications

The Health Impacts of Ethanol Blend Petrol

The Health Impacts of Ethanol Blend Petrol

Multi-year (2004–2008) record of nonmethane hydrocarbons and halocarbons in New England: seasonal variations and regional sources

Bioethanol–gasoline fuel blends: Exhaust emissions and morphological characterization of particulate from a moped engine

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