Emissions from Using Viscous Agent-Treated Fishing Boat Fuel Oil: Tests with a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine (HDDE) Dynamometer

This investigation determines ambient air arsenic (As), As(III), and As(V) concentrations in total suspended particulates (TSP) and dry deposition. Calculated/measured dry deposition flux ratios of ambient air As, As(III) and As(V) were evaluated using two dry deposition models at five characteristic sampling sites during 2009-2010.The highest average concentrations of As, As(III) and As(V) in TSP and dry deposition were measured at the Quan-xing industrial sampling site during AugustJanuary. The Quan-xing site, with many industrial factories under process around there regions, its air is extremely polluted. In addition, the average dry deposition velocities for ambient air total arsenic (As) at Bei-shi, Chang-hua, He-mei, Quanxing and Gao-mei were 0.60 (cm/sec), 0.57 (cm/sec), 0.73 (cm/sec), 0.67 (cm/sec) and 0.66 (cm/sec), respectively at these five characteristic sampling sites.The highest average seasonal variation for As, As(III) and As(V) in TSP and dry deposition were in winter and fall due to emissions from fossil fuel combustion by the nearby Taichung Thermal Power Plant (TTPP) and for household heating. The Noll and Fang model can be applied to predict dry deposition of As, As(III), and As(V) at these sampling sites.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Measuring and Modeling Atmospheric Arsenic Pollutants, Total As, As(III), and As(V), at Five Characteristic Sampling Sites

Fang

Huang

Liu

et al. 2012

“…Therefore, the illegal use of FBFO in heavy duty diesel engines of traveling vehicles could significantly increase the emissions of PAHs both in terms of quantity and toxicity. The possible measures to reduce the illegal use of FBFO in Taiwan were studied by Wu et al (2010). In their work, they added 0.5 vol% of the residue from the desulfurization unit (RDF) and pyrolysis fuel oil (PFO) to the FBFO to make the fuel distinguishable from premium diesel fuel and also damaging to heavy duty engines of traveling vehicles.…”

Section: Pah Emissions From Shipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emissions from the Stationary and Mobile Sources and in the Ambient Air

Cheruiyot

Lee

Mwangi

et al. 2015

136

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are a class of semi-volatile organic carbons that are emitted from both natural and anthropogenic sources therefore are ubiquitous in nature. Their main sources are both fossil and biomass fuels as well as other feedstocks used in chemical and combustion processes. Mostly the combustion processes are PAH depletion processes rather than PAH generating processes. PAHs are emitted from both stationary and mobile sources at varying levels depending on the operation conditions such as fuels, feedstock, and control devices in use as well as process parameters for example combustion temperatures.After emission from sources, the fates of PAHs in the atmosphere include partitioning between gas and particulate phases, particle size distribution, long range transport, dry and wet deposition on to water bodies, soil, vegetation and other receptor surfaces as well as resuspension from receptor surfaces back to the atmosphere. These processes are controlled by their physiochemical properties. Additionally, it is through these processes that human beings are exposed to PAHs via inhalation, ingestion and dermal contact.Dry deposition is the major process through which PAHs from the atmosphere are made available to receptor surfaces including the human respiratory system. From studies with cumulative fractions of dry deposition and size distribution for particulate PAHs, it is evident that the coarse particles are majorly responsible for the highest fraction of deposition fluxes. This is especially true for the high molecular weight PAHs, since the low molecular weight PAHs are majorly in the gas phase, which have lower dry deposition velocities. On the other hand, the highest risk for human being comes in the form of fine particles, whose mean aerodynamic diameter is below 2.5 µm. This is because the particle bound content results and particle size distributions of PAHs indicate that the fine particles have the most PAH content owing to their large surface areas and high organic carbon content. For the wet deposition of PAHs, more research is recommended for measurement of scavenging ratios of individual PAHs, since there is a scarcity of studies focusing on this issue.PAH mutagenic activity and exposure risk of humans can be estimated using the deposition rates, toxicity levels based on benzo(a)pyrene, or biomarkers such as urinary 1-hydroxypyrene. Other parameters that have been used to evaluate the risks of various exposure groups include inhalation exposure levels (IEL), incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR), and estimation of maximum consumption time (t max ). Highway toll workers, back carbon workers and food vendors in night markets are among susceptible groups identified using these biomarkers and exposure parameters.To reduce exposure to human beings, PAH emissions need to be controlled at the sources. Control and reduction of PAH emissions from various sources involves largely altering the fuel and feedstock characteristics, using air pollution control devices and/or adjustin...

“…In recent decades, the global economic prosperity has caused new levels of energy demand (Hu and Kao, 2007;Bhaskar and Mehta, 2010;Wu et al, 2010) with more vigorous limitations on carbon dioxide emissions (Hennicke and Fischedick, 2006;Ning and Sioutas, 2010). The measures proposed for alleviating the energy shortage and environmental problems depend largely on cost-effectiveness (Lund, 2007;Choi and Jo, 2011); these measures need to be implemented by integrating energy policy with environmental management for achieving sustainable development (Hu and Kao, 2007;Vega et al, 2010;Ruttanachot et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reuse of Recovered Waste Tail-Gas in a Full-Scale Furnace

Wang

Hsu

Lee

et al. 2012

Recovery and reuse of waste energy to reduce fuel dependence on petroleum fuel, and to alleviate emissions of contaminants is becoming an important policy for managing energy and the environment. In the study, the waste tail gas emitted from the various petrochemical unit operations is recovered and reused as a replacement of natural gas (NG) to fuel furnace and boiler. On-site experimental results show that replacing natural gas (NG) by the recovered tail gas (RTG) from some petrochemical processes saves 24.6% of fuel costs and reduces 53.0% of CO 2 emissions. On the other hand, if the natural gas (NG) in a mixed fuel containing both natural gas and fuel oil (NG/FO) is completely replaced by RTG, the resulting RTG/FO or RTG/NG/FO fuel mixtures saves 19.5% of fuel costs and reduce 30.0% of pollution emissions. Thus, from the viewpoint of the overall economics and sustainable energy policy, managing and recovering the energy contained in RTG assists in reducing energy consumption by raising the overall thermal efficiency. The conclusion made in this paper is expected to provide a useful technology that can be developed by industrial nations for raising energy efficiency.