Emissions of CH4, N2O, NH3 and odorants from pig slurry during winter and summer storage

Petersen, Søren O.; Dorno, N.; Lindholst, Sabine; Feilberg, Anders; Eriksen, Jørgen

doi:10.1007/s10705-013-9551-3

Cited by 72 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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Section: Solid Manure -Compostingmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…N 2 O emissions from liquid manure are negligible during storage, unless a surface crust is present (e.g., VanderZaag et al, 2009). With a crust, potentials for nitrification and denitrification can develop and lead to N 2 O emissions, as the crust dries and oxygen enters the crust Petersen, Blanchard, Chadwick, Del Prado, Edouard, Mosquera and Sommer (Sommer et al, 2000;Petersen et al, 2013). As explained above, surface crusts also develop a potential for CH 4 oxidation, although the importance of this process is not known at present.…”

Section: Manure Handling and Treatment For Ghg Mitigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reported values (Table 3) show that covering slurry with either a solid cover, straw or a natural surface crust results in lower CH 4 emissions, higher N 2 O emissions and, in general, a reduction of overall GHG emissions, when compared with uncovered slurry. Emissions of CH 4 and N 2 O were higher when using straw instead of a solid cover (Amon et al, 2006), but in a related study a straw crust in combination with a solid cover on the store gave the lowest emissions (Clemens et al, 2006), possibly by increasing CH 4 availability to MOB as discussed by Petersen et al (2013).Treatment technologies -manure separation Manure separation is a process whereby a fraction of slurry particles is isolated by one of several mechanical separation processes (Burton, 2007). Storage of the liquid fraction may result in lower N 2 O emissions than untreated slurry (and higher potential NH 3 emissions) if crust formation is prevented.…”

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confidence: 92%

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Manure management for greenhouse gas mitigation

Petersen

Blanchard

Chadwick

et al. 2013

Animal

143

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Ongoing intensification and specialisation of livestock production lead to increasing volumes of manure to be managed, which are a source of the greenhouse gases (GHGs) methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O). Net emissions of CH 4 and N 2 O result from a multitude of microbial activities in the manure environment. Their relative importance depends not only on manure composition and local management practices with respect to treatment, storage and field application, but also on ambient climatic conditions. The diversity of livestock production systems, and their associated manure management, is discussed on the basis of four regional cases (Sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, China and Europe) with increasing levels of intensification and priorities with respect to nutrient management and environmental regulation. GHG mitigation options for production systems based on solid and liquid manure management are then presented, and potentials for positive and negative interactions between pollutants, and between management practices, are discussed. The diversity of manure properties and environmental conditions necessitate a modelling approach for improving estimates of GHG emissions, and for predicting effects of management changes for GHG mitigation, and requirements for such a model are discussed. Finally, we briefly discuss drivers for, and barriers against, introduction of GHG mitigation measures for livestock production. There is no conflict between efforts to improve food and feed production, and efforts to reduce GHG emissions from manure management. Growth in livestock populations are projected to occur mainly in intensive production systems where, for this and other reasons, the largest potentials for GHG mitigation may be found.Keywords: methane, nitrous oxide, storage, treatment, farm model ImplicationsLivestock manure is a source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, mainly as methane and nitrous oxide. GHG emissions are biogenic and regulated by manure characteristics, and therefore emissions can be manipulated via handling, treatment and storage conditions. Globally, livestock production systems vary widely, and this is also true for GHG mitigation potentials, but generally efforts to conserve nutrients in manure for crop production will also reduce GHG emissions. Future growth in livestock production is projected to occur mainly in confined animal feeding operations, which also appear to have the greatest potential for GHG mitigation. IntroductionSince the mid 20th century, there has been a growing pressure on land resources for production of food and feed for livestock and, increasingly, crops for energy production (Hoogwijk et al., 2005). To fulfil the demand for meat, milk and eggs, livestock production in developing countries is expanding, especially in peri-urban areas (Gerber et al., 2005), and worldwide becomes more specialised (Steinfeld et al., 2006). In consequence of these trends, increasing volumes of livestock manure are produced, which are a source of greenhouse gases (GHGs) contributing t...

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Section: Solid Manure -Compostingmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Manure Handling and Treatment For Ghg Mitigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 92%

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Manure management for greenhouse gas mitigation

Petersen

Blanchard

Chadwick

et al. 2013

Animal

143

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“…For instance, the NH 3 emission rates reported by Balsari et al (2007) were 33.3 to 104.2 mg m -2 h -1 for pig slurry storage and 26.3 to 152.5 mg m -2 h -1 for cattle slurry storage over the course of one year. Petersen et al (2013) reported that the mean NH 3 emission rate from pig slurry storage was 36.9 mg m -2 h -1 in winter and 129.5 mg m -2 h -1 in summer. One possible reason for the lower NH 3 emissions was related to the low initial TAN in this experiment.…”

Section: Ch 4 and Co 2 Emissions From Rlm And Bdementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Large amounts of NH 3 can be emitted from lagoons. For swine waste storage, the available data suggest that NH 3 emissions are between 0.18 and 7.02 g m -2 d -1 (Aneja et al, 2000;Petersen et al, 2013). Ammonia-N emissions from lagoons were estimated to account for 33% of the total NH 3 -N emissions from commercial hog operations under the production and climatic conditions of North Carolina (Aneja et al, 2000).…”

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confidence: 99%

Comparison of Air Emissions from Raw Liquid Pig Manure and Biogas Digester Effluent Storages

2014

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Biogas digesters are commonly used in livestock farming in China. The digestion process converts large amounts of raw liquid manure (RLM) to biogas digester effluent (BDE). The BDE is then stored on the farm for some time before land application as crop or orchard nutrients. Storage of RLM or BDE is associated with gas emissions, although little information is available concerning comparison of air emissions between the two handling practices. This study was conducted to compare methane (CH 4 ), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), nitrous oxide (N 2 O), and ammonia (NH 3 ) emissions from RLM and BDE storages using dynamic emission vessels (DEVs). Both media were stored in closed vessels (50 L) at a 40Â cm storage depth, a constant storage temperature of 30Â°C, and a headspace air exchange rate of 15 to 17 air changes per hour (ACH) for 22 days. The results showed that the average daily gas emission rates for RLM and BDE, in mg L -1 d -1 , were, respectively, 102.9 and 125.3 CO 2 (p < 0.05), 0.72 and 3.33 N 2 O (p < 0.05), 29.2 and 0.32 CH 4 (p < 0.05), and 1.21 and 0.66 NH 3 (p = 0.08). The total greenhouse gas (GHG = CH 4 + CO 2 + N 2 O) emissions were similar for RLM and BDE, 1.05 and 1.12 g CO 2 -eq L -1 d -1 , respectively (p = 0.26). Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions accounted for 88.2% of the CO 2 -eq GHG emissions for BDE, whereas CH 4 emissions accounted for 69.7% of the CO 2 -eq GHG emissions for RLM. The high N 2 O emissions from BDE likely resulted from the lower COD/N ratio in BDE than RLM under the storage conditions. Differences in gaseous emission characteristics between RLM and BDE were attributed to the differences in methanogen species and the population of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). were, respectively, 102.9 and 125.3 CO 2 (p < 0.05), 0.72 and 3.33 N 2 O (p < 0.05), 29.2 and 0.32 CH 4 (p < 0.05), and 1.21 and 0.66 NH 3 (p = 0.08

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A novel approach to estimate the abatement of ammonia emissions from mitigation techniques at farm‐scale slurry stores exemplified by a semifloating cover

et al. 2021

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Ammonia (NH3) losses from livestock slurry stores substantially contribute to agricultural emissions to the atmosphere. Gas release from slurry storage facilities is driven by interactions between store operations and meteorological conditions. This study quantifies the abating effect of an impermeable semifloating cover as an emission mitigation technique at a farm‐scale slurry storage tank. Emissions were measured over 1 yr and compared with the preceding 2 yr of measurements with the uncovered tank. In this novel approach, emission data were aggregated to categories within 1 h measuring intervals according to five key factors influencing emissions (time span after agitation and tank‐filling level as surrogates for natural crust occurrence; the meteorological parameters precipitation, air temperature, and wind speed) for the two consecutive measurement campaigns with and without the cover. The emission abatement effect of the cover was determined by emission modeling of the entire measuring campaign based on measuring intervals of the uncovered and the covered tank where the aggregated categories of influencing factors were equal. The resulting average emission abatement was 48%. An average abatement of 37 and 54% was achieved during periods with and without a surface crust, respectively. The emission reduction was less with low tank filling level due to higher air exchange through openings of the cover. The presented approach is applicable to evaluate emission mitigation techniques for single farm‐scale stores. With adequate measurement duration, it is appropriate to produce reliable emission data reflecting the complex interactions between emissions and influencing factors occurring at real‐world storage facilities.

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Emissions of CH4, N2O, NH3 and odorants from pig slurry during winter and summer storage

Cited by 72 publications

References 31 publications

Manure management for greenhouse gas mitigation

Manure management for greenhouse gas mitigation

Comparison of Air Emissions from Raw Liquid Pig Manure and Biogas Digester Effluent Storages

A novel approach to estimate the abatement of ammonia emissions from mitigation techniques at farm‐scale slurry stores exemplified by a semifloating cover

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