Emissions of dioxins and furans during steam gasification of Automotive Shredder residue; experiences from the Chalmers 2–4-MW indirect gasifier

Maric, Jelena; Vilches, Teresa Berdugo; Pissot, Sébastien; Vela, Isabel Cañete; Gyllenhammar, Marianne; Seemann, Martin

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2019.10.037

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Gasification introduces a limited quantity of oxidant (typically air) at high temperatures (800–1,650°C) to refine the volatile organic fraction through partial oxidation and reforming reactions while converting the solid mass to ash particles. Thermal treatment of wastes in a reductive environment has garnered interest from the waste management sector for its potential to guard against the formation of harmful oxidation by‐products such as dioxins and furans (Maric et al, 2020 ; Rey et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Overview Of Sewage Sludge Incinerators and Related Thermal Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances thermal destruction at water resource recovery facilities: A state of the science review

Winchell

Ross

Wells

et al. 2020

Water Environment Research

113

104

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Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a recalcitrant group of chemicals and can be found throughout the environment. They often collect in wastewater systems with virtually no degradation prior to environmental discharge. Some PFAS partitions to solids captured in wastewater treatment which require further processing. Of all the commonly applied solids treatment technologies, incineration offers the only possibility to completely destroy PFAS. Little is known about the fate of PFAS through incineration, in particular, for the systems employed in water resource recovery facilities (WRRF). This review covers available research on the fate of PFAS through incineration systems with a focus on sewage sludge incinerators. This research indicates that at least some PFAS destruction will occur with incineration approaches used at WRRFs. Furthermore, PFAS in flue gas, ash, or water streams used for incinerator pollution control may be undetectable. Future research involving full‐scale fate studies will provide insight on the efficacy of PFAS destruction through incineration and whether other compounds of concern are generated. Practitioner points Thermal processing is the only commercial approach available to destroy PFAS. Thermal degradation conditions required for destruction of PFAS during incineration processes are discussed. Fate of PFAS through water resource recovery facility incineration technologies remains unclear. Other thermal technologies such as smoldering combustion, pyrolysis, gasification, and hydrothermal liquefaction provide promise but are in developmental phases.

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Section: Overview Of Sewage Sludge Incinerators and Related Thermal Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances thermal destruction at water resource recovery facilities: A state of the science review

Winchell

Ross

Wells

et al. 2020

Water Environment Research

113

104

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“…An insight into the underlying pathways of high dioxin production during low oxygen thermolysis of plastics is evidenced from experiments with automotive shredder residue (ASR). It was clearly shown in a study by Maric et al (2020) that higher plastic content in the feedstock led to greater production of dioxins, as also did lower reactor temperatures (673°C vs. 831°C) with consequently greater toxicity (TEQ) of the products. This is consistent with previous studies which showed that lower oxygen levels favour the production of both PCDD/Fs and PBDD/Fs and that their retention in the product fractions is also accentuated by the relatively low temperatures required for pyrolysis.…”

Section: Challenges > Adverse Environmental Impactsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Chemical recycling: Status, Sustainability, and Environmental Impacts

Rollinson¹,

Oladejo²

2020

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according to many experts, the approach of chemical recycling is not the right way. The special value of plastic, the polymerised structure, is decomposed and transformed into an inferior product, such as a low quality oil that has to be treated with great effort in order to turn it back into plastic'.As society seeks to transition away from fossil fuel consumption and mitigate the threat posed by plastic pollution, governments, citizens, and NGOs currently struggle to assess the concept with little or no independent data available on the technologies or their capabilities. To address the problem, and drawing predominantly from peer-reviewed, non-industry financed literature, this report considers the following questions with regard to chemical recycling of plastic:1. What are these technologies and how do they compare with other methods for treating plastic waste? 2. What are the environmental implications? 3. Are they sustainable? 4. Is the technology mature or likely to be so in the next ten years?

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“…A detailed explanation of the PCDD/Fs formation mechanism can be found in our previous study [24]. In combustion processes, a low combustion temperature, humidity, poor turbulence and short residence time in the combustion zone, oxygen availability, and slow cooling process of flue gas in the critical temperature range could be the reasons for the formation of PCDD/F, as well as the presence of residual carbon, chloroaromatics, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) [1,12,27]. Humidity has been shown to influence the product distribution more, driving it towards highly chlorinated congeners [27].…”

Section: Dioxin Formation In Gasificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dioxin Formation in Biomass Gasification: A Review

2022

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The amount of PCDD/F emissions produced by gasification operations is often within standard limits set by national and international laws (<0.1 ng TEQ/Nm3). However, a recent assessment of the literature indicates that gasification cannot always reduce PCDD/Fs emissions to acceptable levels, and thus a common belief on the replacement of incineration with gasification in order to reduce PCDD/Fs emissions seems overly simplistic. A review that summarizes the evidence on when gasification would likely result in environmentally benign emissions with PCDD/F below legal limits, and when not, would be of scientific and practical interest. Moreover, there are no reviews on dioxin formation in gasification. This review discusses the available data on the levels of dioxins formed by gasifying different waste streams, such as municipal solid wastes, plastics, wood waste, animal manure, and sewage sludge, from the existing experimental work. The PCDD/Fs formation in gasification and the operational parameters that can be controlled during the process to minimize PCDD/Fs formation are reviewed.

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Emissions of dioxins and furans during steam gasification of Automotive Shredder residue; experiences from the Chalmers 2–4-MW indirect gasifier

Cited by 23 publications

References 26 publications

Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances thermal destruction at water resource recovery facilities: A state of the science review

Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances thermal destruction at water resource recovery facilities: A state of the science review

Chemical recycling: Status, Sustainability, and Environmental Impacts

Dioxin Formation in Biomass Gasification: A Review

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