Emissions of Greenhouse Gases from a Typical Chinese Swine Farrowing Barn

Dong, Hongmin; Zhu, Zhiping; Shang, Bin; Kang, G.; Zhu, Hong; Xin, Hongwei

doi:10.13031/2013.23144

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The CO 2 levels found in these facilities may be up to 0.7% higher than ambient air (Dong et al , 2007), confounding the impact on the seasoned workers who must also contend with airway obstruction developing over time. Shorter common CO 2 exposures such as smoking may result in CO 2 exposures ranging up to 12.5% (Norman, 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of elevated carbon dioxide on bronchial epithelial innate immune receptor response to organic dust from swine confinement barns

Schneberger¹,

Cloonan²,

DeVasure³

et al. 2015

International Immunopharmacology

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Hypercapnia is known to have immunoregulatory effects within the lung. Cell culture systems demonstrate this in both macrophages and alveolar cell lines, suggesting that alveoli are affected by changes in CO2 levels. We hypothesized that hypercapnia would also modulate human bronchial epithelial cell immune responses. Innate immune responses to Pam3CSK4 (TLR2 ligand), LPS (TLR4 ligand) and a complex innate immune stimulus, an extract from the organic dust of swine confinement barns (barn dust extract or BDE), were tested in a human bronchial epithelial cell line, BEAS-2B. Both TLR ligands showed a decrease in IL-6 and IL-8 production, and an increase in MCP-1 in response to elevated CO2 indicating an enhancement in cytokine production to hypercapnia. This change was not reflected in expression levels of TLR receptor RNA which remained unchanged in response to elevated CO2. Interestingly, barn dust showed an increase in IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 response at 9% CO2, suggesting that elevated CO2 exerts different effects on different stimuli. Our results show that airway epithelial cell immune responses to barn dust respond differently to hypercapnic conditions than individual TLR ligands.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of elevated carbon dioxide on bronchial epithelial innate immune receptor response to organic dust from swine confinement barns

Schneberger¹,

Cloonan²,

DeVasure³

et al. 2015

International Immunopharmacology

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“…The USEPA Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks (2008) identifies manure management as generating 24 % and 5 % of the methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions, respectively, from agricultural sources. A review of published literature identified reports of CH 4 and N 2 O emissions from fattening pigs on slatted floors in Denmark (Osada, et al, 1998), from swine farrowing house in China (Dong et al, 2007), swine hoop structures (Singh, et al, 2003), GHG emissions from stored swine manure (Lagu, et al, 2005) and CH 4 and N 2 O emissions data from dairy farms (Singurindy, et al, 2007, Sedorovich, et al, 2007. Very limited published information quantifying GHG emissions from U.S. broiler production systems was found in the literature, however.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions from Broiler Houses in the Southeastern United States

Burns¹,

Li²,

Xin³

et al. 2008

2008 Providence, Rhode Island, June 29 - July 2, 2008

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Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), from broiler houses located in the southeastern United States were continuously monitored over a one-year period. The birds were grown to 52 days of age at an average stocking density of 11.8 birds/m2 (1.1 birds/ft2). Methane and CO2 emissions were measured in two broiler houses while N2O emissions were measured in one house. Carbon dioxide and N2O concentrations were measured using a photoacoustic multigas analyzer and CH4 concentrations were measured using a dual-channel methane/non-methanehydrocarbon (NMHC)/total hydrocarbon analyzer with dual flame ionization detectors. Ventilation rates in each house were continuously calculated by monitoring the building static pressure and operational status of all ventilation fans in conjunction with individual fan performance curves developed and verified in situ using a Fan Assessment Numeration System (FANS) unit. Annual CO2 emissions measured from the two broiler houses averaged 606 Mg (668 US tons) per house. On a marketed bird basis the CO2 emissions averaged 4.64 Mg (5.49 US tons) per 1,000 birds marketed. Annual CH4 emissions averaged 445 kg (982 lbs) per house, or 3.41 kg (7.52 lbs) per 1,000 birds marketed. Annual N2O emissions measured from one broiler house was 225 kg (496 lbs) per house, or 1.72 kg (3.8 lbs) per 1,000 birds marketed. The CO2 equivalents of the CH4 and N2O emissions were, respectively, 85.3 kg (188 lb) and 512.6 kg (1,128 lb) per 1,000 birds marketed. Hence the total CO2 equivalent GHG emissions for the broiler operations monitored in this study were 5.238 Mg per 1,000 birds marketed, with 88.6% contributed by CO2.

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“…Therefore, animal manure management accounts for 0.9% of the total national GHG emissions in the U.S. Osada et al (1998) reported CH 4 and N 2 O emissions from fattening pigs on slatted floors in Denmark. GHG emissions M from swine farrowing house in China (Dong et al, 2007), from swine hoop structures (Singh et al, 2003), and from stored swine manure (Laguë et al, 2005) have also been reported. Burns et al (2008) reported GHG, ammonia, and particulate matter emissions from broiler houses in the southeastern U.S.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lab-Scale Assessment of Gaseous Emissions from Laying-Hen Manure Storage as Affected by Physical and Environmental Factors

Li¹,

Xin²

2010

Transactions of the ASABE

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Manure-belt (MB) and high-rise (HR) laying-hen houses are the two predominant housing types in the U.S. Compared with HR houses, MB houses have better indoor air quality and lower aerial emissions as a result of frequent (every 1 to 4 d) manure removal from the hen houses into separate manure storage. However, emissions from on-farm manure storage are integral parts of the whole-farm emissions and need to be quantified. This series of lab-scale studies assesses emission rates (ER) of ammonia (NH3) and greenhouse gases (CH4, CO2, and N2O) from stored laying-hen manure as affected by the following physical and environmental factors: air exchange rate (10 or 20 air changes per hour, or ACH), manure stacking configuration expressed as surface area to stack volume ratio (SVR at 2.5, 5, 10, or 20 m-1), air temperature (constant at 25°C or diurnal cyclic from 21°C to 32°C), manure moisture content (MC, 50% or 77%), and periodic addition of new manure to the existing stack. Results of the studies showed the following: (1) air exchange rate of 10 or 20 ACH had no apparent effects on the gaseous emissions; (2) SVR significantly affected emissions, with larger SVR leading to higher NH3 and CO2 ERs but lower CH4 ER on per kg manure basis; (3) emissions were positively related to air temperature; and (4) laying-hen manure with 77% MC had higher emissions than that with 50% MC. At the storage condition of 25°C air temperature, 20 ACH, every 2 d addition of 120 kg (5 cm thick layer) manure at 75% MC (equivalent to 2 d manure production of 682 laying hens) to the flat base area of 2.8 m2, the daily gaseous ERs per hen were 0.06 to 0.22 g NH3, 1.6 to 4.8 g CO2, and 7.4 to 32 mg CH4 (0.18 to 0.8 g CO2e). N2O concentrations from the stored manure were below the detection limit (0.03 ppm) of the measurement instrument; hence, N2O emission was omitted from the presentation.

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Emissions of Greenhouse Gases from a Typical Chinese Swine Farrowing Barn

Abstract: ABSTRACT. Emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs

Cited by 11 publications

References 6 publications

Effect of elevated carbon dioxide on bronchial epithelial innate immune receptor response to organic dust from swine confinement barns

Effect of elevated carbon dioxide on bronchial epithelial innate immune receptor response to organic dust from swine confinement barns

Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions from Broiler Houses in the Southeastern United States

Lab-Scale Assessment of Gaseous Emissions from Laying-Hen Manure Storage as Affected by Physical and Environmental Factors

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