Emissions of hydrochloric acid, PCDD and PCDF from the combustion of chlorine-containing kraft pulp mill bleach plant waste

Soil dioxins levels at agriculture sites and natural preserve areas of Taiwan

“…In the current published database, there is very little survey data regarding the dioxin level in the environments [5][6][7][8][9][10]. Therefore, to remedy this deficiency, we have initiated a series of survey projects to investigate the dioxin levels in soil, compost material, percolates, deposited material, plants, air and water.…”

Reductive Dechlorination of 1,2,3,4-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and Its Products by Anaerobic Mixed Cultures from Saale River Sediment

“…They are emitted into the environment as unwanted byproducts of anthropogenic processes. The main sources of PCDDs are the production of herbicides and pentachlorophenol (PCP), bleach processes in the pulp and paper industry, metal smelting, and the incineration of municipal and industrial waste (3)(4)(5)(6). Important nonindustrial diffuse sources are household wastewater (7), automobile exhausts (8), home heating, and combustion of landfill gas.…”

Pulp and paper effluent management

“…A practical strategy for decreasing bleach plant effluent AOX by this method is presented. In an investigation (Sonnenberg and Nichols, 1993) of the thermal destruction of concentrated bleaching effluents, chlorine-containing effluents from the bleach plant of a kraft pulp mill were added to black liquor, and the chlorine-enriched mixture was incinerated. The flue gases were then analyzed to determine whether emissions of hydrochloric acid, PCDD/PCDF had increased.…”