Emissions of nitrous oxide from arable organic and conventional cropping systems on two soil types

Chirinda, Ngonidzashe; Carter, Mette S.; Albert, Kristian Rost; Ambus, Per; Olesen, Jørgen E.; Porter, John R.; Petersen, Søren O.

doi:10.1016/j.agee.2009.11.012

Cited by 109 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…This would be also the case for the effects of catch crops on the environment through N leaching, N 2 O emissions and soil carbon sequestration (Askegaard et al, 2005;Olesen et al, 2009;Chirinda et al, 2010;Doltra et al, 2011). All these factors, therefore, are to be considered when deciding on catch crop mixture composition, seeding rate, sowing date and time of incorporation.…”

Section: Short and Long-term Implications Of Catch Cropsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of catch crops in the ecological intensification of spring cereals in organic farming under Nordic climate

Doltra

Olesen

2013

European Journal of Agronomy

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101

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a b s t r a c tCatch crops can contribute to nitrogen supply of following crops through uptake of excess soil mineral nitrogen (N) and through biological N fixation. The contribution of catch crops to the ecological intensification of organic arable systems was investigated using data of a 12-year field experiment carried out at three sites in Denmark. This study focused on the yields of spring oats and spring barley in systems with and without manure in two different cropping systems (O2 and O4) that differed in the proportion of legume-based catch crops (O2 lower and O4 higher) and in the rotation composition (grass-clover green manure in O2 and pulse crops in O4). Three consecutive four-year crop cycles were established at three locations representative of different soil types (loamy sand, sandy loam and coarse sand) and climatic conditions. Crop management and soil operations were performed following common practices in organic farming. Measurements of dry matter (DM) and N content of grain cereals at harvest, aboveground biomass in catch crops and green manure crops in autumn and of the green manure crop at the first cutting were performed. The effect of catch crops on grain yield varied with cereal and catch crop species, soil and rotation type, and the application of N in manure. Higher yield increases from previous catch crops were obtained for spring oat than for spring barley with mean estimates of the apparent N recovery efficiency of N in above-ground catch crops of 69% and 46%, respectively. However, lower autumn N in catch crops undersown in high yielding cash crop was also observed. For spring oats mean grain yield benefits of including catch crops varied from 0.2 to 2.4 Mg DM ha −1 depending on location, manure use and cycle of the rotation. In spring barley mean grain yield benefits from catch crops varied from 0.1 to 1.5 Mg DM ha −1 . There was a tendency for the effect of catch crop on grain yield to increase over time. These results indicate that in Nordic climates catch crops can contribute to the ecological intensification of spring cereals, not only by reducing the nitrate leaching and increasing N retention, but also by improving yields. Management practices in relation to catch crops must be adapted to the specific soil and cropping systems.

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Section: Short and Long-term Implications Of Catch Cropsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of catch crops in the ecological intensification of spring cereals in organic farming under Nordic climate

Doltra

Olesen

2013

European Journal of Agronomy

Self Cite

101

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“…That study found N 2 O emissions were lower for various organic than conventional crop rotations, ranging from~4.0 to~8.0 kg N 2 O-N/ha across all crops as total N inputs increased from 100 to 300 kg N/ha/yr. In contrast, Chirinda et al [139], in Denmark, found that despite the lower N input in organic rotations, annual N 2 O emissions did not differ between farming systems (although inorganic N fertilizer rates to winter wheat were relatively low at~170 kg N/ha). In comparison with the EU [59,133,140] no North American studies to date have attempted to model GHG emissions on a whole farm basis as affected by organic management.…”

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confidence: 87%

Environmental impacts of organic agriculture in temperate regions.

Lynch

Halberg²,

Bhatta³

et al. 2012

CABI Reviews

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Can organic agriculture elaborate a scientifically based, resource-efficient and agroecological approach to low-input farm management? This review examines the literature from temperate regions, with a particular emphasis on Canadian and US studies that relate to environmental and ecological impacts of organic agriculture with respect to (i) soil organic matter storage, (ii) soil quality/soil health, (iii) nutrient loading and risks of off-farm nutrient and agrochemical losses, (iv) biodiversity and (v) energy use and global warming potential. The context and implications of semi-arid conditions and low soil P levels, common to many organic farms in North America, and widespread adoption of genetically engineered crops in conventional production, is also considered. The consensus of the data available to date indicates the distinctiveness of cropping, floral and habitat diversity, soil management regime, nutrient intensity and use efficiency, and energy, and pesticide use in organic farming confer important environmental and ecological benefits. These include maintenance of soil organic matter and added return of carbon to soil, improved soil health, reduced off-farm nitrogen and phosphorus losses, enhanced vegetative and wildlife (bird) biological diversity, extended sometimes to other taxa depending on landscape context, improved support for pollinators and pollination and reduced energy use and improved energy efficiency. The continued evolution of organic agriculture to a more outcomes-based, agroecological production system will require an expanded multi-disciplinary research effort, linked ideally to support from consumers and policy-makers on the basis of renewed understanding of its potential contribution to global environmental sustainability.

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“…Nitrogen and phosphorus losses are determined by the concentration and the runoff volume, yet when the amounts of N and P in topsoil are small, their losses mostly depend on the volume of runoff [5]. Moreover, irrational surface and subsurface drainage by farmers can enhance the loss of water, which leads to serious N and P losses [6]. Therefore, several water-saving irrigation technologies and control drainage practices have been developed to solve water shortage and water environment deterioration.…”

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confidence: 99%

Impact of Alternate Drought and Flooding Stress on Water Use, and Nitrogen and Phosphorus Losses in a Paddy Field

Mei¹,

Yu²,

Shao³

et al. 2018

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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Paddy is the most important grain crop in China. In addition, water is one of the most important components for sustainable paddy production, and the quantity of irrigation for paddy fi elds accounts for approximately 70% of its total agricultural water resource consumption [1]. However, water supply is limited because of serious regional and seasonal water shortages, and paddy production is impaired by increasing water shortage [2]. Meanwhile, China is the largest producer and consumer of synthetic fertilizers in the world. Fertilizer and pesticide overuse in order to achieve high paddy yields might result not only in poor grain yield but also low N use Pol. J. Environ. Stud. Vol. 27, No. 1 (2018), 345-355 AbstractAlternate drought and fl ooding stress has become more prevalent during paddy growth stages as a result of climate change, especially in southern China. This study aims to assess the effect of alternate drought and fl ooding stress on water use, and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) losses in paddy fi elds. Two controlled irrigation and drainage (CID) managements (namely drought at the beginning of growth stages followed by fl ooding (CID-1), and fl ooding at the beginning of growth stages followed by drought (CID-2) and one alternated wetting and drying (AWD) management were designed in specially designed experimental tanks with three replications in 2015 and 2016. Results showed that CID increased effective irrigation quantities and rainwater storage ability with a signifi cant decrease in water use effi ciency compared with AWD. For surface water, CID-1 signifi cantly improved possible losses of nitrogen and phosphorus during the fertilizer application period over CID-2. For subsurface water, CID can signifi cantly reduce the leaching losses of nitrate N and P compared with AWD. Meanwhile, CID-1 signifi cantly inc reased the leaching losses of nitrate N at the former two growth stages compared to CID-2, yet no signifi cant difference was found for ammonia N and P. Therefore, the application of controlled irrigation and drainage -especially for CID-1 -was an effi cient method for obtaining high water quality and reducing eutrophication.

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Emissions of nitrous oxide from arable organic and conventional cropping systems on two soil types

Cited by 109 publications

References 50 publications

The role of catch crops in the ecological intensification of spring cereals in organic farming under Nordic climate

The role of catch crops in the ecological intensification of spring cereals in organic farming under Nordic climate

Environmental impacts of organic agriculture in temperate regions.

Impact of Alternate Drought and Flooding Stress on Water Use, and Nitrogen and Phosphorus Losses in a Paddy Field

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