Emissions of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, and PAHs from legacy on-road heavy-duty diesel engines

Cytokine responses induced by diesel exhaust particles are suppressed by PAR-2 silencing and antioxidant treatment, and driven by polar and non-polar soluble constituents

“…This suggest that the majority of DEP-induced CYP1-activation possibly could be attributed to dioxin-like constituents, rather than PAHs such as B[a]P. Although we have not assessed the levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the MAPCEL soot, DEP from both old and modern engines is known to contain various PCDD/Fs and PCBs. However, the levels of these appear to be far below the level of PAHs (Laroo et al, 2011;Laroo et al, 2012). Thus, this observation comes to some surprise.…”

Uptake and phytotoxicity of anthracene and benzo[k]fluoranthene applied to the leaves of celery plants (Apium graveolens var. secalinum L.)

“…Their half-life is inversely proportional to the gas-phase concentrations of radicals and ozone, and it lasts from several days to several minutes in polluted air. PAHs are continuously emitted during oil combustion in Diesel engines and during coal and wood combustion for residential and industrial purposes (Laroo et al, 2012), but due to rapid transformation of PAHs in atmospheric air, the least stable compounds, including anthracene, are maintained in relatively low concentrations. The reaction products of PAHs, hydroxyl radicals and nitrate (V) radicals, are potentially more powerful mutagens and carcinogens than the original compounds, and they also demonstrate phytotoxic activity (Arey and Atkinson, 2003;Huang et al, 1996;Mallakin et al, 2000;Atkinson, 2000;Babu et al, 2001;Boström et al, 2002;Arfsten et al, 1996;Aina et al, 2006).…”

Influences of Waste Cooking Oil-Based Biodiesel Blends on PAH and PCDD/F Emissions from Diesel Engines in Durability Testing Cycle

“…Additionally, several toxic chemicals, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated dibenzop-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), and brominated persistent organic compounds, are also found in diesel engine operation (Lloyd and Cackette, 2001;Shah et al, 2005;Lin et al, 2010;Laroo et al, 2012;Mwangi et al, 2015b;Chen et al, 2017). These emissions are well known to pose higher risk of human health (Scheepers, 2015).…”