Emitter Spacing and Geometry of Wetted Soil Volume

Schwartzman, Myron; Zur, B.

doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(1986)112:3(242)

Cited by 145 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Soil water flow under trickle irrigation is described as line source, two-dimensional or point source, threedimensional depending on the distance between emitters along a lateral according to [5] [6]. In case of a line source, emitters are spaced in order to produce a continuous strip of wetted soil along the row.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Irrigation Method and Non-Uniformity of Irrigation on Potato Performance and Quality

Amer¹,

Samak²,

Hatfield³

2016

JWARP

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Potato growth, yield, and quality under improved irrigation methods and non-uniformity of their irrigation applications are important to enhance water management in arid regions. A field experiment was conducted in 2014 spring and fall growing seasons using potato (Solanum tuberosum) grown in northern Egypt at Shibin El Kom, Menofia, Egypt to evaluate potato response to furrow or trickle irrigation. A Randomized Split-Plot Design with irrigation method randomly distributed and non-uniformity of irrigation applications evaluated along either irrigation furrow or trickle lateral as dependent variables measured at the 3 rd , 13 th , 23 rd , 33 rd , 43 rd and 53 rd m along the 55 m irrigation line. Traditional (TF) and partial (PF) furrows as well as trickle point (TP) and line (TL) sources were used as irrigation methods. Each treatment was repeated three times. For a 33 rd m treatment, seasonal optimum water use by potato was 328, 234, 269 and 292 mm over 118 days in spring and 200, 164, 178 and 186 mm over 122 days in fall under TF, PF, TP and TL irrigation methods, respectively. Potato tuber yield and quality were significantly affected by growing season (S), irrigation method (I) and non-uniformity of irrigation application (U). Tuber yield, total soluble solid (TSS) and leaf area index (LAI) were significantly affected by I and U, and their interaction I * U; harvest index (HI) was not affected by I but U. Except for TSS by S * I and HI by U * I and S * I, results showed no significant differences. Moreover, tuber weight, number and marketable yield were significantly affected by S, I, U and I * U interaction, except medium tuber size and culls by S. A given 33 rd treatment under partial furrow and trickle irrigation, relative to that of traditional furrow, enhanced tuber yield and improved quality in both growing seasons. In non-uniform irrigation application over two growing seasons, potato crop response was developed under varied irrigation methods. Tuber yields were significantly affected in a linear relationship (r 2 ≥ 0.75) by either water deficit or excessive water under irrigation methods.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Irrigation Method and Non-Uniformity of Irrigation on Potato Performance and Quality

Amer¹,

Samak²,

Hatfield³

2016

JWARP

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“…Equations 1 and 2 express the relationship of wetted depth and width to emitter discharge. 2 (Schwartzmass and Zur 1985), where z vertical distance to wetting front (m); w wetted width or diameter of water pattern (m); K 1 29.2 (empirical coe cient); V w volume of water applied (l); C s saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil (m/s); q point-source emitter discharge (l/h); and K 2 0.031 (empirical coef®cient). Equations 1 and 2 illustrate that the wetted width is large while the vertical distance to wetting front is short if emitter discharge is large when the volume of water applied is the same.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of operating pressures on microirrigation uniformity

Kang¹

2000

Irrigation Science

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The e ect of operating pressure heads on water application uniformity in microirrigation submain units was evaluated. Research results show that water application uniformity either increases or slightly decreases as operating pressure head increases in a range when the emission exponent x £ 0.5 in most cases. The water application uniformity decreases as operating pressure head increases in a range when the emission exponent x > 0.5. The relationship between operating pressure head and average emitter discharge in submain units can be considered as approximately linear for operating pressure heads in a small range (usually between the allowable minimum and maximum operating pressures of the submain units). These results help to estimate the average emitter discharge rate easily in a submain unit for an increased or decreased operating pressure head when one is attempting to manage emitter discharge dynamically according to the requirements of crop root growth for di erent periods. Generally, a microirrigation system designed to meet the desired uniformity of water application according to the allowable minimum operating pressure head would be better when x £ 0.5 because water application uniformity increases as operating pressure increases if emitter discharges are being managed dynamically. However, a microirrigation system designed to meet the required water application uniformity according to the allowable maximum operating pressure head would be better when x > 0.5 because, in general, water application uniformity increases as operating pressure decreases.

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“…According to [27,28], ECa mapping is one of the most valuable methods in agriculture for measuring the spatial variability of soil properties at field and landscape scales. We also conducted field measurements of the unsaturated soil hydraulic conductivity within each mapped soil zone using a retention disk infiltrometer (Soil Measurement Systems, LLC, Tucson, AZ, USA), and then estimated the maximum vertical and horizontal dimensions of wetted area for different drip emitter flow rates with irrigation durations from 1 h to 24 h according to the method proposed by Schwartzman and Zur [29] for determining the geometry of a wetted soil zone under point-source water application. Based on these measurements and calculations, for treatment number 2 we selected an optimal soil-specific SDI setup, among those commercially available, consisting of driplines spaced 0.…”

Section: Field Research Experiments At Uc Facilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Viability of Sub-Surface Drip Irrigation for Resource-Efficient Alfalfa Production in Central and Southern California

Zaccaria

Carrillo-Cobo²,

Montazar

et al. 2017

Water

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Abstract:In California, alfalfa is grown on a large area ranging between 325,000 and 410,000 hectares and ranks among the thirstiest crops. While the hay production industry is often scrutinized for the large usage of the state's agricultural water, alfalfa is a crucial feed-supplier for the livestock and dairy sectors, which rank among the most profitable commodity groups in the state. Sub-surface drip irrigation (SDI), although only practiced on approximately 2% of the alfalfa production area in California, is claimed to have the potential to significantly increase hay yield (HY) and water productivity (WP) compared with surface irrigation (SI). In 2014-2016 we interviewed a number of growers pioneering SDI for alfalfa production in Central and Southern California who reported that yield improvements in the order of 10-30% and water saving of about 20-30% are achievable in SDI-irrigated fields compared with SI, according to their records and perceptions collected over few years of experience. Results from our research on SDI at the University of California, Davis, revealed significantly smaller yield gain (~5%) and a slight increase of water use (~2-3%) that are similar to findings from earlier research studies. We found that most of the interviewed alfalfa producers are generally satisfied with their SDI systems, yet face some challenges that call for additional research and educational efforts. Key limitations of SDI include high investment costs, use of energy to pressurize water, the need for more advanced irrigation management skills, and better understanding of soil-water dynamics by farm personnel. SDI-irrigated fields also need accurate water monitoring and control, attentive prevention and repair of rodent damages, and careful salinity management in the root zone. In this paper we attempt to evaluate the viability of the SDI technology for alfalfa production on the basis of preliminary results of our research and extension activities, with focus on its water and energy footprints within the context of resource efficiency.

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Emitter Spacing and Geometry of Wetted Soil Volume

Cited by 145 publications

References 6 publications

Effect of Irrigation Method and Non-Uniformity of Irrigation on Potato Performance and Quality

Effect of Irrigation Method and Non-Uniformity of Irrigation on Potato Performance and Quality

Effect of operating pressures on microirrigation uniformity

Assessing the Viability of Sub-Surface Drip Irrigation for Resource-Efficient Alfalfa Production in Central and Southern California

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