Emmetropic eye growth in East Asians and non‐East Asians

Yii, Fabian S L

doi:10.1111/opo.13195

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Numerous studies have consistently established a strong association between myopia prevalence and grade levels ( 25–28 ), which can be attributed to heightened academic pressures, prolonged close-eye use, diminished engagement in outdoor activities, and sleep decrease as students progress to higher grades. The changes in ocular parameters that contribute to refractive error predominantly occur during childhood ( 29–31 ). In addition, the impact of COVID-19 on education and lifestyle has led to an increase in near-work activities and screen time, accompanied by a decrease in outdoor activities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in myopia development among Chinese children and adolescents in Xuzhou during one academic year

Li,

Liao,

Wang

et al. 2024

Front. Med.

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PurposeThis study investigates the prevalence and progression of myopia among primary and secondary school students in Xuzhou City, China, during one academic year.MethodsThe study employed a prospective research design and utilized a whole-group sampling method to conduct non-cycloplegic spot photo screenings on 37,938 students from 44 primary and secondary schools in Xuzhou City, China. A one-year study was conducted to gather spherical equivalent refraction (SER), and subsequent analysis was carried out to explore the disparities in myopia prevalence among primary and secondary school students within the same academic year, as well as the progression of myopia.ResultsDuring the 2022 academic year, the overall prevalence of myopia in the first and second semesters was 62.6 and 64.2% respectively, indicating an increasing trend. Particularly in primary school (Grades 1–6), the prevalence of myopia increased with higher grade levels, and significant variations in myopia prevalence were observed mainly in grades 1–3 and 7 (p < 0.05). The incidence rate of myopia in middle school remained stable, while in primary school, there was a positive correlation between myopia incidence and the grade level, with the highest rate of 20.1% in grade 6. Among the myopic population, the median value of spherical equivalent refraction slightly decreased between the two semesters. The proportion of high myopia increased among students in grades 5–8.ConclusionOur study revealed that within one academic year, the prevalence of myopia and the severity of myopia have significantly increased in Xuzhou City, China, accompanied by an increase in the proportion of high myopia. For different grade levels, we should adopt personalized prevention and control measures, with a particular focus on lower grade levels and students who have just entered a new grade.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in myopia development among Chinese children and adolescents in Xuzhou during one academic year

Li,

Liao,

Wang

et al. 2024

Front. Med.

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“…Especially since recent research has shown that there is no evidence of physiological AL growth rates to be higher in East Asian eyes versus non-East Asian eyes, so we expect to be able to apply these physiological growth curves to East Asian eyes as well. 29 This paper aims to serve two purposes: 1. Since it is unknown whether AL growth is sufficiently inhibited by DIMS spectacle lenses to achieve the treatment goal of physiological AL growth, this paper reassessed first-year AL data from the above-mentioned study by Lam et al 14 using the AMMC system.…”

Section: Clinical Sciencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-matched analysis of axial length growth in myopic children wearing defocus incorporated multiple segments spectacle lenses

Graff,

Lam,

Vlasak

et al. 2023

Br J Ophthalmol

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Background/aimsDefocus incorporated multiple segments (DIMS) spectacle lenses are known to be able to inhibit axial length (AL) growth in myopic children compared with single vision (SV) spectacle lenses. However, it is not known whether AL growth is sufficiently inhibited to achieve the treatment goal of physiological AL growth.MethodsOf the data already collected in 2014–2017 by Lamet al, the AL growth with DIMS and SV spectacle lenses was re-evaluated according to the age-matched myopia control system. The individual AL growth after the first year of treatment of each eye was plotted against the corresponding age of the same time point in a colour-coded scheme. The two treatment groups were further subdivided based on their age and their baseline AL.ResultsOverall, 65% (61% of male, 70% of female) of eyes with DIMS spectacle lenses and 16% (16% of male, 16% of female) of eyes with SV spectacle lenses are within range of physiological AL growth rate. Median AL growth rate of eyes with DIMS spectacle lenses is also within the range of physiological growth. In the subgroups, eyes with DIMS spectacle lenses were also superior to the ones with SV spectacle lenses regarding this treatment goal. Of the children with SV spectacle lenses, older children and children with eyes with high baseline AL were least likely to achieve physiological AL growth rate.ConclusionsDIMS spectacle lenses can bring the AL growth rate of myopic children to the level of physiological AL growth rate, indicating 100% reduction of excessive myopic AL growth, independent of age and baseline AL. Older children and children with eyes with high AL have the risk to have increased AL growth without treatment.

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Cultural roots of the myopia boom in Confucian Asia and their implications

Yii

2024

J Public Health Pol

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Current evidence implicates educational pressures and reduced outdoor time as major causes of myopia. This paper examines the ongoing battle against the myopia epidemic in East Asia, including its cultural offshoots such as Singapore, where over 80% of young adults are myopic. East Asian societies share deeply rooted Confucian values that attach great importance to education and familial obligations, with heavy parental investment in education and the perception that academic excellence reflects filial piety. Coupled with a strong emphasis on standardised test results, East Asian children face intense educational pressures from a young age. Existing education-based myopia prevention strategies focus either on top-down school reforms to promote more outdoor time for students during school hours or on bottom-up awareness initiatives encouraging lifestyle changes. However, the entrenched Confucian worldview suggests that more extensive top-down reforms aimed at reducing competition in education, combined with widespread bottom-up awareness initiatives targeting the public—particularly parents, given their active involvement in children’s education outside of school—may be required to truly turn the tide on myopia.

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Emmetropic eye growth in East Asians and non‐East Asians

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

Trends in myopia development among Chinese children and adolescents in Xuzhou during one academic year

Trends in myopia development among Chinese children and adolescents in Xuzhou during one academic year

Age-matched analysis of axial length growth in myopic children wearing defocus incorporated multiple segments spectacle lenses

Cultural roots of the myopia boom in Confucian Asia and their implications

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