Emodin Combined with Nanosilver Inhibited Sepsis by Anti-inflammatory Protection

Abstract

Background: Emodin is the main active component of rhubarb, which has demonstrated many beneficial effects against inflammation. Nanosilver is an effective antimicrobial agent. The present study was designed to observe the effects of Emodin combined with silver nanoparticles (E/S) on sepsis protection and related mechanism.Methods: E/S was prepared by loading different concentrations of Emodin on nanosilver and cytotoxicity of E/S were determined by suphorhodamine B assays. Anti-microbial activities of E/S were assayed by direct interaction with various common pathogens and anti-adhesive activites of E/S on leukocytes with endothelial cells were assayed by biochemical analysis. Next, inflammatory cell enumeration, inflammatory mediators in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and endothelial cell function were analyzed on a clinically relevant model of sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) after E/S administration. The effects of E/S on NF-κB and p38 were also examined by western blot.Results: E/S exhibited little cytotoxicity action on endothelial cells and significant inhibitory activities against all tested common microorganisms and adherence between leukocyte and endothelial cells. E/S induced anti-sepsis protection mainly mediated by inhibition of inflammatory cells infiltration, down-regulation of TNF-alpha, IL-8 and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and inhibition of NF-κB and p38 pathways in mice 24 h post-CLP.Conclusion: Our data suggest that E/S has strong anti-sepsis effects, which was related with anti-inflammatory protection and thereby promote survival following sepsis challenge.

Renoprotective effects of emodin against diabetic nephropathy in rat models are mediated via PI3K/Akt/GSK‑3β and Bax/caspase‑3 signaling pathways

“…The anti-inflammatory effect of emodin has been demonstrated in many experiments using animal models (11). Additionally, its antibacterial effects on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus have also been reported (12).…”

Emodin alleviates alternatively activated macrophage and asthmatic airway inflammation in a murine asthma model

“…Because tion [11] are protected against experimental asthma in which STAT6 is [37] , emodin may - [38] ing asthma. [39][40][41] , - [42] remodeling or chronic changes that are found in human asthma [43] the effect of emodin on allergic asthma. Because the triple allergens dust mite, ragweed and aspergillus are general allergens for inducing human asthma, the pathological process is more similar to that of typical clinic patients.…”

Naringin protects against steroid‑induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head through upregulation of PPARγ and activation of the Notch signaling pathway

“…The Notch signaling pathway is a highly-conserved signaling pathway involved in cell differentiation, self-renewal and apoptosis (31). At present, research into estrogen and the Notch signaling pathway has predominantly focused on human tumors and brain development (32). There are relatively few studies regarding the effect of estrogen on differentiation and proliferation via its impact on the Notch signaling pathway, in the differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (33).…”