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Resumen: La conciencia emocional o experiencia consciente de la emoción es un concepto clave relacionado con diferentes indicadores de ajuste individual del menor, como las quejas somáticas. Esta relación, mediatizada por los estados de ánimo, se ha demostrado en población preadolescente y adolescente. Sin embargo, apenas se ha analizado en franjas de edad más bajas e incluyendo otros indicadores de ajuste a diferentes contextos, como la adaptación. Por ello, el objetivo de este trabajo es el de analizar la contribución de la conciencia emocional y los estados de ánimo, sobre diferentes indicadores de ajuste individual (quejas somáticas) y de adaptación (evaluada a través del test TAMAI), en niños de 8-12 años. Para ello, se administraron diferentes cuestionarios de autoinforme a 1423 menores con una media de 9.8 años. Los resultados apoyan la influencia de la conciencia emocional (principalmente de la habilidad de diferenciar y comunicar verbalmente las emociones y analizar las propias emociones), reforzada por los estados de ánimo, no sólo sobre las quejas somáticas, sino sobre la inadaptación personal y social. Todo ello subraya la importancia, tanto de las habilidades emocionales como de los estados afectivos que las acompañan, en la vida cotidiana del menor. Palabras clave: Conciencia emocional; estados de ánimo; quejas somáticas; adaptación; diferenciar emociones; conciencia corporal.Title: Emotional awareness, mood and individual and social adjustment outcomes in children aged 8-12 years old. Abstract: Emotional awareness or conscious experience of emotion is a key concept related to different individual adjustment child outcomes, such as somatic complaints. This relationship, moderated by mood, has been found in preadolescent and adolescent population. However, little is known in younger children and including other adjustment outcomes, such as adaptation. Therefore, the objective of this work is to analyze the contribution of emotional awareness and mood upon different adjustment outcomes: somatic complaints and inadaptation (assessed by the test TAMAI), in children aged 8-12 years old. Different self-reported questionnaires were administered to 1423 children, with a mean age of 9.8 years old. Results support the influence of emotional awareness (mainly the ability to differentiate and verbally communicate emotions and analyze the own emotions), strengthened by mood, not only upon somatic complaints, but also upon personal and social inadaptation. These results come to outline the importance of emotional abilities and the corresponding affective moods, in children daily life.
Resumen: La conciencia emocional o experiencia consciente de la emoción es un concepto clave relacionado con diferentes indicadores de ajuste individual del menor, como las quejas somáticas. Esta relación, mediatizada por los estados de ánimo, se ha demostrado en población preadolescente y adolescente. Sin embargo, apenas se ha analizado en franjas de edad más bajas e incluyendo otros indicadores de ajuste a diferentes contextos, como la adaptación. Por ello, el objetivo de este trabajo es el de analizar la contribución de la conciencia emocional y los estados de ánimo, sobre diferentes indicadores de ajuste individual (quejas somáticas) y de adaptación (evaluada a través del test TAMAI), en niños de 8-12 años. Para ello, se administraron diferentes cuestionarios de autoinforme a 1423 menores con una media de 9.8 años. Los resultados apoyan la influencia de la conciencia emocional (principalmente de la habilidad de diferenciar y comunicar verbalmente las emociones y analizar las propias emociones), reforzada por los estados de ánimo, no sólo sobre las quejas somáticas, sino sobre la inadaptación personal y social. Todo ello subraya la importancia, tanto de las habilidades emocionales como de los estados afectivos que las acompañan, en la vida cotidiana del menor. Palabras clave: Conciencia emocional; estados de ánimo; quejas somáticas; adaptación; diferenciar emociones; conciencia corporal.Title: Emotional awareness, mood and individual and social adjustment outcomes in children aged 8-12 years old. Abstract: Emotional awareness or conscious experience of emotion is a key concept related to different individual adjustment child outcomes, such as somatic complaints. This relationship, moderated by mood, has been found in preadolescent and adolescent population. However, little is known in younger children and including other adjustment outcomes, such as adaptation. Therefore, the objective of this work is to analyze the contribution of emotional awareness and mood upon different adjustment outcomes: somatic complaints and inadaptation (assessed by the test TAMAI), in children aged 8-12 years old. Different self-reported questionnaires were administered to 1423 children, with a mean age of 9.8 years old. Results support the influence of emotional awareness (mainly the ability to differentiate and verbally communicate emotions and analyze the own emotions), strengthened by mood, not only upon somatic complaints, but also upon personal and social inadaptation. These results come to outline the importance of emotional abilities and the corresponding affective moods, in children daily life.
Emotion regulation (ER) difficulties are a potential common factor underlying the presentation of multiple emotional and behavioral problems in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). To provide an overview of how ER has been studied in individuals with ASD, we conducted a systematic review of the past 20 years of ER research in the ASD population, using established keywords from the most comprehensive ER literature review of the typically developing population to date. Out of an initial sampling of 305 studies, 32 were eligible for review. We examined the types of methods (self-report, informant report, naturalistic observation/ behavior coding, physiological, and open-ended) and the ER constructs based on Gross and Thompson's modal model (situation selection, situation modification, attention deployment, cognitive change, and response modulation). Studies most often assessed ER using one type of method and from a unidimensional perspective. Across the 32 studies, we documented the types of measures used and found that 38% of studies used self-report, 44% included an informant report measure, 31% included at least one naturalistic observation/behavior coding measure, 13% included at least one physiological measure, and 13% included at least one open-ended measure. Only 25% of studies used more than one method of measurement. The findings of the current review provide the field with an in-depth analysis of various ER measures and how each measure taps into an ER framework. Future research can use this model to examine ER in a multicomponent way and through multiple methods. Autism Res 2014, 7: 629-648 [American Psychiatric Association, 2013], and there is considerable evidence that the majority also struggle with associated emotional problems. For instance, in a population derived cohort of 5-to 16-year-olds, Totsika, Hastings, Emerson, Lancaster, and Berridge [2011] found that 85% of youth with ASD without an intellectual disability (ID) had clinically significant levels of hyperactivity, 74% of emotional problems, and 64% of conduct problems, compared to much lower rates in a typically developing comparison group (19% hyperactivity, 18% emotional problems, and 22% conduct problems). Further, youth with ID and ASD had higher rates of emotional disorders than those with only ID (88% vs. 63% for hyperactivity, 71% vs. 42% for emotional problems, and 65% vs. 46% for conduct problems, respectively). There is also considerable co-occurrence of multiple emotional problems in individuals with ASD. Approximately 40-50% of youth with ASD are estimated to meet criteria for two or more psychiatric disorders, often combining attentional or behavioral problems (e.g. ADHD) with internalizing problems (e.g. anxiety disorder), even after taking into account symptoms that may be related to core ASD sociocommunicative and behavioral symptoms [Leyfer et al., 2006;Simonoff et al., 2008].
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