Emotion, Cognition, and Behavior

Dolan, Raymond J.

doi:10.1126/science.1076358

Cited by 1,587 publications

(1,039 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…In recent years there has been a significant increase in research studies on low-and high-level music processing in the brain, including phenomena such as perception of psycho-acoustic features, performance, and music-driven emotion and memory, aimed to describe and understand the music-brain interaction: how music engages the brain and how it affects cognition in different ways. In addition to being the foundation of cognition, memory is also crucial in emotion, and it should be noted that emotion in music is thought to be one of the major factors that shape how and what we remember (Dolan, 2002). The mnemotechnic power of music is well known: "Beyond the repetitive motions of walking and dancing, music may allow an ability to organize, to follow intricate sequences, or to hold great volumes of information in mind-this is the narrative or mnemonic power of music" (Sacks, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of brain activity underlying working memory for music in a naturalistic condition

Burunat

Alluri

Toiviainen

et al. 2014

Cortex

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Sivumäärä -Number of pages 70Tiivistelmä -Abstract Working memory (WM) is at the core of any cognitive function as it is necessary for the integration of information over time. Despite WM's critical role in high-level cognitive functions, its implementation in the neural tissue is poorly understood. Preliminary studies on auditory WM show differences between linguistic and musical memory, leading to the speculation of specific neural networks encoding memory for music. Moreover, in neuroscience WM has not been studied in naturalistic listening conditions but rather in artificial settings (e.g., n-back and Sternberg tasks). Western tonal music provides naturally occurring motivic repetition and variation, recognizable units serving as WM trigger, thus allowing us to study the phenomenon of motif-tracking in the context of real music. Adopting a modern tango as stimulus, behavioural methods were used to identify the stimulus motifs and build a time-course predictor of WM neural responses. This predictor was then correlated with the participants' functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal obtained during a continuous listening condition. Neural correlates related to the sensory processing of a set of musical features were filtered out from the brain responses to music to aid in the exclusive recruitment of executive processes of music-related WM. Correlational analysis revealed a widely distributed network of cortical and subcortical areas, predominantly right-lateralized, responding to the WM condition, including ventral and dorsal areas in the prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, and limbic areas. Significant subcortical processing areas, active in response to the WM condition, were pruned with the removal of the acoustic content, suggesting these music-related perceptual processing areas might aid in the encoding and retrieval of WM. The pattern of dispersed neural activity indicates WM to emerge coherently from the integration of distributed neural activity spread out over different brain subsystems (motoric-, cognitive-and sensory-related areas of the brain).Asiasanat -Keywords working memory; cognitive neuroscience; music; musical motifs; functional magnetic resonance imaging ( Lashley was attempting to identify the locus of memory within the cortex, and, to do so, first trained rats to run mazes, and then removed various cortical regions. He allowed the animals to recover and tested the retention of the maze-running skills. To his surprise it was not possible to find a particular region corresponding to the ability to remember the way through a maze. Instead all the rats which had had cortex regions removed suffered some kind of impairment, and the extent of the impairment was roughly proportional to the amount of cortex taken off. Removing cortex damaged the motor and sensory capacities of the animals, and they would limp, hop, roll, or stagger, but somehow they always managed to traverse the maze. So far as memory 'as concerned, the cortex appeared to be equipotential, that is, with all regions of eq...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of brain activity underlying working memory for music in a naturalistic condition

Burunat

Alluri

Toiviainen

et al. 2014

Cortex

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“…Likewise, a multitude of data associates amygdala activation with fear and other aversive emotions also in humans (Dolan, 2002). The subcortical fear circuitry has reciprocal connections with cortical areas such as the midanterior insula, the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) (e.g., Emery & Amaral, 2000), areas known to contribute to affective information processing.…”

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confidence: 99%

Fear and the Amygdala: Manipulation of Awareness Generates Differential Cerebral Responses to Phobic and Fear-Relevant (but Nonfeared) Stimuli.

Carlsson¹,

Petersson²,

Lundqvist³

et al. 2004

Emotion

161

114

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Rapid response to danger holds an evolutionary advantage. In this positron emission tomography study, phobics were exposed to masked visual stimuli with timings that either allowed awareness or not of either phobic, fear-relevant (e.g., spiders to snake phobics), or neutral images. When the timing did not permit awareness, the amygdala responded to both phobic and fear-relevant stimuli. With time for more elaborate processing, phobic stimuli resulted in an addition of an affective processing network to the amygdala activity, whereas no activity was found in response to fear-relevant stimuli. Also, right prefrontal areas appeared deactivated, comparing aware phobic and fear-relevant conditions. Thus, a shift from top-down control to an affectively driven system optimized for speed was observed in phobic relative to fear-relevant aware processing.

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“…Subsequently, this gives more opportunity for difficulties to arise in old/new recognition for neutral items (e.g. Dolan, 2002; Johnson, Hashtroudi, & Lindsay, 1993). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of episodic memories by novel learning: a failed replication study

Schie

Veen

Hout

et al. 2017

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: After reactivation, memories can become unstable and sensitive to modification before they are restored into long-term memory. Using behavioural manipulations, reactivated memories may be disrupted via the mechanism of interference (i.e. novel learning). In a laboratory study, Wichert et al. (2013a) showed that new learning after reactivation changed episodic memory, while new learning alone or reactivation alone did not. Objective: Given the potential clinical application of such a procedure in trauma-focused psychological treatments, such as CBT or EMDR, the aim of this study was to replicate Wichert et al. Method: On Day 1, participants (N = 96) viewed and recalled a series of emotional and non-emotional pictures. Then, participants were randomized to one of four groups. One week later, on Day 8, Group 1 reactivated the previously learned pictures and learned new pictures. To control for specific effects of reactivation or new learning, Group 2 only reactivated the previously learned pictures, and Group 3 only learned new pictures. Group 4 received no reactivation and no new learning. On Day 9, all groups indicated for each picture out of a series whether they had seen it on Day 1. Results: The data were analysed using Bayesian hypothesis testing, which allows for quantifying the evidence in favour of the alternative and the null hypothesis. In general, results showed that Group 1 recognized fewer pictures from Day 1 compared to Groups 2 and 4 on Day 9. However, the expected difference between new learning following reactivation (i.e. Group 1) and new learning alone (i.e. Group 3) was not substantially supported by the data for any of our dependent measures. Conclusions: We replicated some of the findings by Wichert et al., but did not find substantial support for the critical difference between new learning following reactivation and new learning alone.

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Emotion, Cognition, and Behavior

Cited by 1,587 publications

References 61 publications

Dynamics of brain activity underlying working memory for music in a naturalistic condition

Dynamics of brain activity underlying working memory for music in a naturalistic condition

Fear and the Amygdala: Manipulation of Awareness Generates Differential Cerebral Responses to Phobic and Fear-Relevant (but Nonfeared) Stimuli.

Modification of episodic memories by novel learning: a failed replication study

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