Emotion enhances remembrance of neutral events past

Anderson, Adam K.; Wais, Peter E.; Gabrieli, John D. E.

doi:10.1073/pnas.0506308103

Cited by 221 publications

(249 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Scenes were thematically matched with foils to increase the difficulty of the old-new discrimination but likely remained more distinctive than faces, as indicated by the differences in overall memory between the two stimulus types. However, prior studies have shown that amygdala activation is not associated with enhanced memory for distinctive events of little emotional value , and behavioral studies have also shown that distinctiveness and emotion appear to have distinct influences on EEM (Anderson et al 2006). Nonetheless, distinctiveness might be a critical additional factor in conjunction with amygdala activation that allows for the emotional modulation of memory (Strange et al 2003;Strange and Dolan 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Facial expressions, such as fear, may evoke more limited systemic arousal (Lang et al 1993), as suggested in the present study by greater self-reported arousal for negative scenes relative to fearful faces. Enhanced emotional memory has been associated with sufficient systemic arousal accompanying emotional stimuli LaBar and Phelps 1998;Buchanan et al 1999;Buchanan and Lovallo 2001;Hamann et al 2002;Anderson et al 2006). Amygdala activation independent of a certain degree of autonomic arousal may be insufficient to alter the course of episodic memory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This would indicate that in addition to amygdala recruitment, some supplemental cognitive and/or affective factor(s) are required to result in enhanced recollection of events with emotional significance. For instance, one factor of importance may be the influence of arousal around the time of stimulus encoding (Anderson et al 2006). Previous studies of enhanced emotional memory demonstrate the important role of arousal accompanying emotional stimuli LaBar and Phelps 1998;Buchanan et al 1999;Buchanan and Lovallo 2001;Hamann et al 2002).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Emotional memories are not all created equal: Evidence for selective memory enhancement

Anderson¹,

Yamaguchi²,

Grabski³

et al. 2006

Learn. Mem.

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118

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Human brain imaging studies have shown that greater amygdala activation to emotional relative to neutral events leads to enhanced episodic memory. Other studies have shown that fearful faces also elicit greater amygdala activation relative to neutral faces. To the extent that amygdala recruitment is sufficient to enhance recollection, these separate lines of evidence predict that recognition memory should be greater for fearful relative to neutral faces. Experiment 1 demonstrated enhanced memory for emotionally negative relative to neutral scenes; however, fearful faces were not subject to enhanced recognition across a variety of delays (15 min to 2 wk). Experiment 2 demonstrated that enhanced delayed recognition for emotional scenes was associated with increased sympathetic autonomic arousal, indexed by the galvanic skin response, relative to fearful faces. These results suggest that while amygdala activation may be necessary, it alone is insufficient to enhance episodic memory formation. It is proposed that a sufficient level of systemic arousal is required to alter memory consolidation resulting in enhanced recollection of emotional events.We tend to remember poignant, emotional events far better than mundane, trivial ones. From births and deaths of loved ones, to weddings and graduations, those events with increased emotional significance achieve prominence in our memory (Christianson 1992;Berntsen and Rubin 2004). Numerous studies have revealed a critical role for the human amygdala in the enhanced episodic memory accompanying emotional events (Cahill et al.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emotional memories are not all created equal: Evidence for selective memory enhancement

Anderson¹,

Yamaguchi²,

Grabski³

et al. 2006

Learn. Mem.

Self Cite

118

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“…Building on prior human research on emotional memory that has often confounded the effects of attention, encoding, and consolidation, a recent report found that postencoding emotion enhanced consolidation of neutral memoranda (78,79). Findings here highlight that attention-related anticipation and encoding processes of the dorsal amygdala make a contribution to emotional memory that is distinct from consolidation processes modulated by the ventral amygdala.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The effect of anticipation and the specificity of sex differences for amygdala and hippocampus function in emotional memory

Mackiewicz

Sarinopoulos

Cleven

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

138

140

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Prior research has shown memory is enhanced for emotional events. Key brain areas involved in emotional memory are the amygdala and hippocampus, which are also recruited during aversion and its anticipation. This study investigated whether anticipatory processes signaling an upcoming aversive event contribute to emotional memory. In an event-related functional MRI paradigm, 40 healthy participants viewed aversive and neutral pictures preceded by predictive warning cues. Participants completed a surprise recognition task directly after functional MRI scanning or 2 weeks later. In anticipation of aversive pictures, bilateral dorsal amygdala and anterior hippocampus activations were associated with better immediate recognition memory. Similar associations with memory were observed for activation of those areas in response to aversive pictures. Anticipatory activation predicted immediate memory over and above these associations for picture viewing. Bilateral ventral amygdala activations in response to aversive pictures predicted delayed memory only. We found that previously reported sex differences of memory associations with left amygdala for women and with right amygdala for men were confined to the ventral amygdala during picture viewing and delayed memory. Results support an established animal model elucidating the functional neuroanatomy of the amygdala and hippocampus in emotional memory, highlight the importance of anticipatory processes in such memory for aversive events, and extend neuroanatomical evidence of sex differences for emotional memory.aversion ͉ expectancy ͉ functional MRI ͉ neuroimaging ͉ recognition memory M emories for emotional events are more persistent and vivid than other memories (1-3). Previous research has shown that the amygdala and hippocampus are necessary for the enhanced memory observed for emotional material and contexts (4-12). Recent neuroimaging studies have shown that amygdala and hippocampus activation during encoding of emotional stimuli is related to better recollection of those stimuli (13-23). Other studies have shown that these areas already are recruited in anticipation of aversive emotional stimuli (24-29). Moreover, emotional arousal and emotional influences on attention and perception, which are emphasized in the literature on emotional memory (2-7, 30, 31), are key features of anticipating aversion. Specifically, the anticipation of aversive events is associated with heightened arousal, as indexed by startle (25,(32)(33)(34)(35) and the modulation of perception and attention (36-39) that, in turn, is important for memory encoding (40-42).The present functional MRI (fMRI) study tested whether activation of the amygdala and hippocampus during the anticipation of aversive events is related to subsequent memory of these events. Based on previous findings in our laboratory (24), we expected the dorsal amygdala and anterior hippocampus to be activated both in anticipation of and response to aversive pictures, consistent with the idea that there is one system that governs ...

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“…However, this had left unanswered the question of the relative contributions of both affective dimensions. As a result, effects of arousal on recognition memory have been reported regardless of the underlying emotional valence (e.g., Anderson, Wais, & Gabrieli, 2006;Cahill & MacGaugh, 1998; for reviews, see Hamann, 2001;McGaugh, 2006;Phelps, 2006). Emotional arousal can influence memory via factors that act during memory encoding (attention and elaboration), as well as factors that modulate memory consolidation enhancing explicit memory for both pleasant and unpleasant emotional events.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Berlin Affective Word List Reloaded (BAWL-R)

Võ

Conrad

Kuchinke

et al. 2009

Behavior Research Methods

450

341

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The study presented here provides researchers with a revised list of affective German words, the Berlin Affective Word List Reloaded (BAWL-R). This work is an extension of the previously published BAWL , which has enabled researchers to investigate affective word processing with highly controlled stimulus material. The lack of arousal ratings, however, necessitated a revised version of the BAWL. We therefore present the BAWL-R, which is the first list that not only contains a large set of psycholinguistic indexes known to influence word processing, but also features ratings regarding emotional arousal, in addition to emotional valence and imageability. The BAWL-R is intended to help researchers create stimulus material for a wide range of experiments dealing with the affective processing of German verbal material.

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Emotion enhances remembrance of neutral events past

Cited by 221 publications

References 71 publications

Emotional memories are not all created equal: Evidence for selective memory enhancement

Emotional memories are not all created equal: Evidence for selective memory enhancement

The effect of anticipation and the specificity of sex differences for amygdala and hippocampus function in emotional memory

The Berlin Affective Word List Reloaded (BAWL-R)

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