Emotion Ownership: Different Effects on Explicit Ratings and Implicit Responses

Walla, Peter; Rosser, Lucy; Scharfenberger, Janka; Duregger, Cornelia; Bosshard, Shannon

doi:10.4236/psych.2013.43a032

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Said differently, it is possible that actively paying attention to ones own emotions rather than simply observing emotional events can have a regulatory influence, impeding the formation of a stronger negative emotional state. Walla et al (2013a) found that self referenced negative emotion images were rated more negative that un-referenced negative images and self-referenced positive images were rated more positive than un-referenced positive images. In their study, startle responses were enhanced as a result of self reference regardless of emotion valence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Modulation of the Startle Reflex during Brief and Sustained Exposure to Emotional Pictures

Aimee¹,

Molloy²,

Walla³

2013

PSYCH

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Previous investigations using pictures to elicit an emotional response have shown that the startle reflex habituates over time due to decreased excitation in the obligatory startle processing pathway, an effect that is independent of emotion modulation aspects of the startle response. However, in some instances, startle magnitude has been selectively potentiated during sustained exposure to passively viewed unpleasant pictures. This study assessed startle modulation during brief, alternating and sustained exposure to emotional pictures. Self-reported ratings of emotion were collected online with picture viewing to determine if any change in startle magnitude was observable in explicit emotional responses. Self-reported ratings of pleasantness and arousal were no different across the brief and sustained picture presentations. However, a significant main effect (independent from emotion category) of presentation condition was found for startle magnitudes, showing that, contrary to previous research involving passive picture viewing, mean startle magnitudes during sustained exposure were reduced relative to brief exposure. These findings are likely the result of a general habituation of the startle reflex in the obligatory pathway. The findings are also discussed in terms of the effect of the concurrent emotion rating task, which may have differently affected the cumulative effects of emotion exposure compared to passive picture viewing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Modulation of the Startle Reflex during Brief and Sustained Exposure to Emotional Pictures

Aimee¹,

Molloy²,

Walla³

2013

PSYCH

Self Cite

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“…This is an important issue, since there is evidence pointing to relatively modest levels of convergence between subjective, behavioral and physiological findings, together with reports of dissociations between these response systems (for a review see Mauss and Robinson, 2009 ). These data has led some authors to recommend the use of multiple measures that can capture different aspects of the emotional response (Mauss et al, 2005 ; Lyons et al, 2013 ; Walla et al, 2013 ), while others have suggested efforts to improve the way self-reports are used, in order to develop better first person methods (Nielsen and Kaszniak, 2007 ). However, thus far the literature on emotional changes after brain damage has by and large failed to consider the subjective experience of emotions, mostly focusing on individuals' ability to perceive or express feelings [see introduction].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internally and externally generated emotions in people with acquired brain injury: preservation of emotional experience after right hemisphere lesions

et al. 2015

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The study of emotional changes after brain injury has contributed enormously to the understanding of the neural basis of emotion. However, little attention has been placed on the methods used to elicit emotional responses in people with brain damage. Of particular interest are subjects with right hemisphere [RH] cortical lesions, who have been described as presenting impairment in emotional processing. In this article, an internal and external mood induction procedure [MIP] was used to trigger positive and negative emotions, in a sample of 10 participants with RH damage, and 15 healthy controls. Emotional experience was registered by using a self-report questionnaire. As observed in previous studies, internal and external MIPs were equally effective in eliciting the target emotion, but the internal procedure generated higher levels of intensity. Remarkably, participants with RH lesions were equally able to experience both positive and negative affect. The results are discussed in relation to the role of the RH in the capacity to experience negative emotions.

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“…It is known that events or situations that are appraised as relevant and significant to one’s goals and wellbeing induce emotions more effectively than irrelevant ones ( Freeman et al, 2005 ; Lazarus, 1991 ). For instance, the emotional valence of visual scenes is significantly enhanced when they are paired with short sentences inducing self-reference (e.g., “ this dog will attack you ” written underneath the image of an aggressive dog: Walla et al, 2013 ). Simulations are also more likely to affect the user’s emotional state when they have a higher degree of personal relevance ( Freeman et al, 2005 ; Hoorn, Konijn & Van der Veer, 2003 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of personal relevance and simulated darkness on the affective appraisal of a virtual environment

Toet¹,

Houtkamp

Vreugdenhil

2016

PeerJ

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This study investigated whether personal relevance influences the affective appraisal of a desktop virtual environment (VE) in simulated darkness. In the real world, darkness often evokes thoughts of vulnerability, threat, and danger, and may automatically precipitate emotional responses consonant with those thoughts (fear of darkness). This influences the affective appraisal of a given environment after dark and the way humans behave in that environment in conditions of low lighting. Desktop VEs are increasingly deployed to study the effects of environmental qualities and (architectural or lighting) interventions on human behaviour and feelings of safety. Their (ecological) validity for these purposes depends critically on their ability to correctly address the user’s cognitive and affective experience. Previous studies with desktop (i.e., non-immersive) VEs found that simulated darkness only slightly affects the user’s behavioral and emotional responses to the represented environment, in contrast to the responses observed for immersive VEs. We hypothesize that the desktop VE scenarios used in previous studies less effectively induced emotional and behavioral responses because they lacked personal relevance. In addition, factors like signs of social presence and relatively high levels of ambient lighting may also have limited these responses. In this study, young female volunteers explored either a daytime or a night-time (low ambient light level) version of a desktop VE representing a deserted (no social presence) prototypical Dutch polder landscape. To enhance the personal relevance of the simulation, a fraction of the participants were led to believe that the virtual exploration tour would prepare them for a follow-up tour through the real world counterpart of the VE. The affective appraisal of the VE and the emotional response of the participants were measured through self-report. The results show that the VE was appraised as slightly less pleasant and more arousing in simulated darkness (compared to a daylight) condition, as expected. However, the fictitious follow-up assignment had no emotional effects and did not influence the affective appraisal of the VE. Further research is required to establish the qualities that may enhance the validity of desktop VEs for both etiological (e.g., the effects of signs of darkness on navigation behaviour and fear of crime) and intervention (e.g., effects of street lighting on feelings of safety) research.

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Emotion Ownership: Different Effects on Explicit Ratings and Implicit Responses

Cited by 23 publications

References 19 publications

Modulation of the Startle Reflex during Brief and Sustained Exposure to Emotional Pictures

Modulation of the Startle Reflex during Brief and Sustained Exposure to Emotional Pictures

Internally and externally generated emotions in people with acquired brain injury: preservation of emotional experience after right hemisphere lesions

Effects of personal relevance and simulated darkness on the affective appraisal of a virtual environment

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