Emotion Processing Dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease: An Overview of Behavioral Findings, Systems Neural Correlates, and Underlying Neural Biology

Chaudhary, Shefali; Zhornitsky, Simon; Chao, Herta H.; Dyck, Christopher H. van; Li, Chiang‐Shan R.

doi:10.1177/15333175221082834

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Atrophy in this region can lead to memory impairments, potentially progressing to conditions such as Alzheimer's disease [ 65 , 66 ]. In addition, changes in emotional regulation linked to medial temporal lobe atrophy may contribute to mood disturbances, such as depression and anxiety, common in older adults [ 68 ]. On the other hand, the white matter acts as the brain's communication network, facilitating signal transmission between regions [ 69 , 70 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the Efficacy of Two Cognitive Screening Tools in Identifying Gray and White Matter Brain Damage among Older Adults

Andreatta Maduro,

Guimarães,

de Sousa Rodrigues

et al. 2024

Journal of Aging Research

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Background. Ageing is associated with structural changes in brain regions and functional decline in cognitive domains. Noninvasive tools for identifying structural damage in the brains of older adults are relevant for early treatment. Aims. This study aims to evaluate and compare the accuracy of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA©) in identifying gray and white matter brain damage in older individuals with varying degrees of cognitive impairment. Methods. Ninety older adults (62 women) with an average age of 69 ± 7 years were enrolled and categorized as having no cognitive impairment (NCI), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or moderate cognitive impairment (MoCI). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was utilized to assess the number, volume, and distribution of brain damage. The Fazekas and Scheltens scales were applied to the brain MRIs, and inferential statistics were employed to compare variables among the groups. Results. Cognitive impairment was observed in 56.7% of the participants (95% confidence interval (CI): 46.4–66.4%), with thirty-six older adults (40%) classified as MCI and 15 (17%) as MoCI. Cognitive impairment and medial temporal lobe (MTL) atrophy were found to be associated (p=0.001), exhibiting higher mean volume scales of the MTL atrophied area in the MoCI group (p<0.001). The MMSE accurately revealed MTL atrophy based on the Scheltens (p<0.05) and Fazekas (p<0.05) scales. At the same time, the MoCA accurately identified periventricular white matter (PWM) abnormalities according to the Fazekas scale (p<0.05). Conclusions. The MMSE and MoCA screening tools effectively identified gray and white matter brain damage in older adults with varying degrees of cognitive impairment. Lower MMSE scores are associated with MTL atrophy and lesions, and lower MoCA scores are related to PWM lesions. The concurrent use of MMSE and MoCA is recommended for assessing structural changes in distinct brain regions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the Efficacy of Two Cognitive Screening Tools in Identifying Gray and White Matter Brain Damage among Older Adults

Andreatta Maduro,

Guimarães,

de Sousa Rodrigues

et al. 2024

Journal of Aging Research

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“…There exist many neurologic diseases/injuries that present with deficits in emotion processing and with balance control. Examples include Parkinson’s diseases ( 134 ), Alzheimer’s disease ( 135 ), post-traumatic stress ( 136 ) and traumatic brain injury ( 137 ). However, all are commonly characterized by other sensorimotor and/or executive processing symptoms that may also impact postural control.…”

Section: Physiological and Behavioural Links Between Emotional State ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional state as a modulator of autonomic and somatic nervous system activity in postural control: a review

Hall,

Van Ooteghem,

McIlroy

2023

Front. Neurol.

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Advances in our understanding of postural control have highlighted the need to examine the influence of higher brain centers in the modulation of this complex function. There is strong evidence of a link between emotional state, autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity and somatic nervous system (somatic NS) activity in postural control. For example, relationships have been demonstrated between postural threat, anxiety, fear of falling, balance confidence, and physiological arousal. Behaviorally, increased arousal has been associated with changes in velocity and amplitude of postural sway during quiet standing. The potential links between ANS and somatic NS, observed in control of posture, are associated with shared neuroanatomical connections within the central nervous system (CNS). The influence of emotional state on postural control likely reflects the important influence the limbic system has on these ANS/somatic NS control networks. This narrative review will highlight several examples of behaviors which routinely require coordination between the ANS and somatic NS, highlighting the importance of the neurofunctional link between these systems. Furthermore, we will extend beyond the more historical focus on threat models and examine how disordered/altered emotional state and ANS processing may influence postural control and assessment. Finally, this paper will discuss studies that have been important in uncovering the modulatory effect of emotional state on postural control including links that may inform our understanding of disordered control, such as that observed in individuals living with Parkinson’s disease and discuss methodological tools that have the potential to advance understanding of this complex relationship.

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“…These emotional changes are reported as the most challenging aspect of dementia care by many caregivers [ 2 ]. On the other hand, positive emotions such as joy or comfort are relatively preserved until the terminal stage of the disease [ 3 4 ]. Previous studies suggest that the arousal of positive emotions may enhance cognitive function, presumably through amygdala activation; therefore, stimuli with a positive valence may enhance the effect of the rehabilitative approach for patients with dementia [ 3 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive Emotional Responses to Socially Assistive Robots in People With Dementia: Pilot Study

Otaka,

Osawa,

Kato

et al. 2024

JMIR Aging

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Background Interventions and care that can evoke positive emotions and reduce apathy or agitation are important for people with dementia. In recent years, socially assistive robots used for better dementia care have been found to be feasible. However, the immediate responses of people with dementia when they are given multiple sensory modalities from socially assistive robots have not yet been sufficiently elucidated. Objective This study aimed to quantitatively examine the immediate emotional responses of people with dementia to stimuli presented by socially assistive robots using facial expression analysis in order to determine whether they elicited positive emotions. Methods This pilot study adopted a single-arm interventional design. Socially assistive robots were presented to nursing home residents in a three-step procedure: (1) the robot was placed in front of participants (visual stimulus), (2) the robot was manipulated to produce sound (visual and auditory stimuli), and (3) participants held the robot in their hands (visual, auditory, and tactile stimuli). Expression intensity values for “happy,” “sad,” “angry,” “surprised,” “scared,” and “disgusted” were calculated continuously using facial expression analysis with FaceReader. Additionally, self-reported feelings were assessed using a 5-point Likert scale. In addition to the comparison between the subjective and objective emotional assessments, expression intensity values were compared across the aforementioned 3 stimuli patterns within each session. Finally, the expression intensity value for “happy” was compared between the different types of robots. Results A total of 29 participants (mean age 88.7, SD 6.2 years; n=27 female; Japanese version of Mini-Mental State Examination mean score 18.2, SD 5.1) were recruited. The expression intensity value for “happy” was the largest in both the subjective and objective assessments and increased significantly when all sensory modalities (visual, auditory, and tactile) were presented (median expression intensity 0.21, IQR 0.09-0.35) compared to the other 2 patterns (visual alone: median expression intensity 0.10, IQR 0.03-0.22; P<.001; visual and auditory: median expression intensity 0.10, IQR 0.04-0.23; P<.001). The comparison of different types of robots revealed a significant increase when all stimuli were presented by doll-type and animal-type robots, but not humanoid-type robots. Conclusions By quantifying the emotional responses of people with dementia, this study highlighted that socially assistive robots may be more effective in eliciting positive emotions when multiple sensory stimuli, including tactile stimuli, are involved. More studies, including randomized controlled trials, are required to further explore the effectiveness of using socially assistive robots in dementia care.

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Emotion Processing Dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease: An Overview of Behavioral Findings, Systems Neural Correlates, and Underlying Neural Biology

Cited by 17 publications

References 371 publications

Comparing the Efficacy of Two Cognitive Screening Tools in Identifying Gray and White Matter Brain Damage among Older Adults

Comparing the Efficacy of Two Cognitive Screening Tools in Identifying Gray and White Matter Brain Damage among Older Adults

Emotional state as a modulator of autonomic and somatic nervous system activity in postural control: a review

Positive Emotional Responses to Socially Assistive Robots in People With Dementia: Pilot Study

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