Emotion Regulatory Strategies in Complicated Grief: A Systematic Review

Eisma, Maarten C.; Stroebe, Margaret

doi:10.1016/j.beth.2020.04.004

Cited by 64 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…The results further suggest that appraisal of these stressors and worry may mediate this association. Results add to prior research showing that coping with restoration-oriented stressors relates to less severe grief (Fiore, 2019), and research showing that depressive avoidance of activities relates to more severe post-loss mental health problems (Eisma & Stroebe, 2021). It also complements trials showing that helping bereaved people deal with restoration-oriented stressors effectively, e.g., by engaging in new valued activities, reduces post-loss distress (e.g., Chow et al, 2018;Eisma et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

“…Within cognitive-behavioral models of prolonged grief, the construct of depressive avoidance (i.e., behavioral avoidance of social, occupational, and recreational activities) is considered to reflect an inability to engage in restoration-oriented coping (Boelen et al, 2006). Accordingly, depressive avoidance relates to more severe mental health outcomes concurrently and longitudinally (e.g., Boelen & Bout, 2013;; for a review: Eisma & Stroebe, 2021). Additionally, some authors have created lists of post-loss activities which may be indicative of restoration (e.g., visiting friends, engaging in hobbies, work) and found negative associations between engaging in such activities and wellbeing and prolonged grief symptoms (e.g., Monk et al, 2006;Stahl & Schulz, 2018;Richardson, 2006Richardson, , 2010.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Restoration-oriented stressors of bereavement

Eisma

Lang

Stroebe

2021

Anxiety, Stress, & Coping

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Background and objectives: The Dual Process Model of Coping with Bereavement holds that bereaved people who respond flexibly to lossoriented stressors (i.e., relating to the loss; to the deceased person) and restoration-oriented stressors (i.e., secondary to loss; daily-life changes, taking on new roles) adapt better to bereavement. Despite growing interest in the Dual Process Model, systematic analyses of the prevalence, characteristics, and correlates of restoration-oriented stressors are lacking. Therefore, we aimed to chart restoration-oriented stressors and their relationship with post-loss adaptation. Design and methods: A community sample of 181 bereaved adults (63% women) completed the 20-item expert-construed Restoration-Oriented Stressors Inventory (ROSI) and questionnaires assessing background characteristics, worry, and prolonged grief and depression symptoms. Results: Main findings were that younger people, and those who lost a parent, partner, or child (vs. other relationship) experienced more restoration-oriented stressors and appraised these as more stressful. Stressors' perceived stressfulness, but not their quantity, related positively to worry. Perceived stressfulness predicted prolonged grief and depression symptoms beyond background characteristics, worry, and the number of stressors. Conclusion: Restoration-oriented stressors and their appraisal vary and relate to coping and post-loss mental health. Future research should clarify temporal interrelations between stressors, coping mechanisms, and outcomes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restoration-oriented stressors of bereavement

Eisma

Lang

Stroebe

2021

Anxiety, Stress, & Coping

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“…Emotions are complex psycho-physiological processes triggered by subjectively important events in an individual’s life ( Eisma and Stroebe, 2021 ). They have been studied by psychologists for more than a century ( Berridge, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Relationship Among Teacher Emotional Intelligence, Work Engagement, Teacher Self-Efficacy, and Student Academic Achievement: A Moderated Mediation Model

Wang

2022

Front. Psychol.

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In recent years, many studies have been done to identify the factors that affect teacher emotions at schools. However, the empirical evidence on how teachers’ emotions influence students’ outcomes and performance is not extensive. Against this background, this study explored the correlation between teacher EI and student academic achievement and possible mechanisms may lie in this relationship. A sample of 365 Chinese teachers from 25 public middle schools participated in this study by completing measurements of teacher EI, teacher work engagement, and teacher self-efficacy. The student academic achievement was assessed by the grades of the previous term (February to June 2020) reported by the students. The results indicated that teacher work engagement partially mediated the path from teacher EI and student academic achievement. Moderated mediation further showed that teachers with high self-efficacy had a more significant positive impact on the relationship between teacher work engagement and student academic achievement than teachers with low self-efficacy. The limitations of this study were also discussed.

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“…The negative impact of rumination may be due to the fact that repetitively going over the cause and consequences of a traumatic event blocks emotional processing, thereby maintaining PTS. Moreover, rumination maintains an inward focus that impairs engagement in constructive action fostering adjustment, thereby perpetuating feelings of traumatic stress as well as depression and grief [ 51 , 52 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traumatic stress, depression, and non-bereavement grief following non-fatal traffic accidents: Symptom patterns and correlates

et al. 2022

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Non-fatal traffic accidents may give rise to mental health problems, including posttraumatic stress (PTS) and depression. Clinical evidence suggests that victims may also experience grief reactions associated with the sudden changes and losses caused by such accidents. The aim of this study was to examine whether there are unique patterns of symptoms of PTS, depression, and grief among victims of non-fatal traffic accidents. We also investigated associations of emerging symptom patterns with sociodemographic variables and characteristics of the accident, and with transdiagnostic variables, including self-efficacy, difficulties in emotion regulation, and trauma rumination. Participants (N = 328, Mage = 32.6, SDage = 17.5 years, 66% female) completed self-report measures tapping the study variables. Using latent class analysis (including symptoms of PTS, depression, and grief), three classes were identified: a no symptoms class (Class 1; 59.1%), a moderate PTS and grief class (Class 2; 23.1%), and a severe symptoms class (Class 3; 17.7%). Summed symptom scores and functional impairment were lowest in Class 1, higher in Class 2, and highest in Class 3. Psychological variables were similarly ordered with the healthiest scores in Class 1, poorer scores in Class 2, and the worst scores in Class 3. Different sociodemographic and accident related variables differentiated between classes, including age, education, and time since the accident. In a regression including all significant univariate predictors, trauma rumination differentiated Class 2 from Class 1, all three psychological variables differentiated Class 3 from Class 1, and difficulties with emotion regulation and trauma rumination differentiated Class 3 from Class 2. This study demonstrates that most people respond resiliently to non-fatal traffic accident. Yet, approximately one in three victims experiences moderate to severe mental health symptoms. Increasing PTS coincided with similarly increasing grief, indicating that grief may be considered in interventions for victims of traffic accidents. Trauma rumination strongly predicted class membership and appears a critical treatment target to alleviate distress.

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Emotion Regulatory Strategies in Complicated Grief: A Systematic Review

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Cited by 64 publications

References 81 publications

Restoration-oriented stressors of bereavement

Restoration-oriented stressors of bereavement

Exploring the Relationship Among Teacher Emotional Intelligence, Work Engagement, Teacher Self-Efficacy, and Student Academic Achievement: A Moderated Mediation Model

Traumatic stress, depression, and non-bereavement grief following non-fatal traffic accidents: Symptom patterns and correlates

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