Emotional arousal may increase susceptibility to fraud in older and younger adults.

Kircanski, Katharina; Notthoff, Nanna; DeLiema, Marguerite; Samanez-Larkin, Gregory R.; Shadel, Doug; Mottola, Gary R.; Carstensen, Laura L.; Gotlib, Ian H.

doi:10.1037/pag0000228

Cited by 82 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…That interpretation would fit with findings from the reinforcement learning literature that older adults have reduced neural and arousal responses to loss cues, but equivalent or greater responses to loss delivery (reviewed by Samanez-Larkin et al, 2007). Similar results have been reported in the Monetary Incentive Delay task (Kircanski et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Losing Money and Motivation: Effects of Loss Incentives on Motivation and Metacognition in Younger and Older Adults

Jang¹,

Lin²,

Lustig³

2019

Preprint

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Incentives are usually expected to increase motivation and the engagement of cognitive control, and to thereby improve performance on cognitively-demanding tasks. However, a closer read of the literature suggests that incentive effects on performance can be elusive. Further, although loss incentives are common in everyday life, most laboratory studies focus on gain effects. Different theoretical perspectives offer competing predictions for the effects of loss incentives, especially in older adults: The intuitive prediction is that loss incentives should improve performance. In contrast, Socioemotional Selectivity Theory and the age-related positivity effect (Carstensen & Mikels, 2005) would predict that older adults should be largely immune to loss-incentive effects. However, Selective Engagement Theory (Hess, 2014) and the Strength and Vulnerability Integration Theory (Charles, 2010) suggest that losses might increase the ‘perceived costs’ for older adults, and thus lead to disengagement and worse performance. Moreover, most studies use changes in performance or other measures as de facto indices of motivation, rather than measuring motivation directly. To address these gaps in the literature, we examined the effects of loss incentives on measures related to subjective engagement, motivation, and meta-cognition as well as working memory. Even though loss incentive did not impact performance, our findings were most consistent with the idea that loss incentives increase the perceived demands of a task and lead to disengagement. The loss incentive also increased the absolute metacognitive accuracy. Despite the lack of age differences in some measures of the incentive effect, the post-task questionnaires suggest different reasons for arriving at these results (distraction vs de-motivation) in younger versus older adults. The results suggest that the effects (or lack thereof) of incentive on performance may reflect factors other than motivation per se.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Losing Money and Motivation: Effects of Loss Incentives on Motivation and Metacognition in Younger and Older Adults

Jang¹,

Lin²,

Lustig³

2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Fraud susceptibility may also be higher among older adults, who may find new financial scams harder to especially when facing time pressure and high arousal—though reports of age differences in fraud susceptibility vary (AARP Foundation, ; Acierno et al, ; Beals, Carr, Mottola, Deevy, & Carstensen, ; Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, ; Kircanski et al, ; Ross, Grossmann, & Schryer, ; Titus & Gover, ). Even when older adults have relevant financial experiences, they may sometimes find it cognitively too demanding to implement their experience‐based knowledge correctly (Korniotis & Kumar, ), or change their habits to react to new information (Lambert‐Pandraud & Laurent, ; Lambert‐Pandraud, Laurent, & Lapersonne, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age differences in financial decision making:The benefits of more experience and less negative emotions

Eberhardt

Bruin

Strough

2018

Behavioral Decision Making

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The emerging literature on aging and decision making posits that decision‐making competence changes with age, as a result of age differences in various cognitive and noncognitive individual‐differences characteristics. In a national life‐span sample from the United Kingdom (N = 926), we examined age differences in financial decisions, including performance measures of sunk cost and credit card repayment decisions, and self‐report measures of money management and financial decision outcomes. Participants also completed four individual‐differences characteristics that have been proposed as relevant to financial decision making, including two cognitive ones (numeracy and experience‐based knowledge) and two noncognitive ones (negative emotions about financial decisions). First, we examined how age was related to the four financial decision‐making measures and the four individual‐differences characteristics. Older age was correlated to better scores on each of the four financial decision‐making measures, more experience‐based knowledge, less negative emotions about financial decisions, whereas numeracy and motivation were not significantly correlated with age. Second, we found that considering both the two cognitive and the two noncognitive individual‐differences characteristics increased predictions of financial decision making, as compared with considering either alone. Third, we examined how these four individual‐differences characteristics contributed to age differences in financial decision making. Older adults' higher levels of experience‐based knowledge and lower levels of negative emotions seemed to especially benefit their financial decision making. We discuss implications for theories on aging and decision making, as well as for interventions targeting financial decisions.

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“…The 30-year-old and younger groups were lower than those of other age groups, indicating that younger parents have positive cognition of epidemic prevention and control (Grevenbrock, Groneck, Ludwig, and Zimper, 2018). The 50-year-old and above age groups had the lowest emotional score because older people have more stable emotions in the face of emergencies (Katharina, Nanna, Marguerite, Gregory, and Ian, 2018). In terms of education, the higher the parents' education, the higher the mental health scores.…”

Section: Children's Behaviors and Parents' Mental Health Status Amongmentioning

confidence: 93%

The effect of the COVID-19 outbreak on children’s behavior and parents’ mental health in China: A research study

Bai

Wang

Liang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to explore the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on children’s behavior and their parents’ mental health in China. MethodsA total of 30861 children’s parents were selected from throughout China to complete the self-made Child behavior Questionnaire and Child Parents Mental Health Questionnaire. ResultsThe results showed that there were significant differences in children’s behavior scores in variables such as age, whether or not an only child and place of residence; There were significant differences in physical, emotional and cognitive scores of parents in variables such as gender, age, education, occupation, place of residence, whether there are medical staff in family, the relationship with children, and children’s age. The correlation analysis showed that children’s behavior and parents’ physical, emotion and cognition were significantly correlated with epidemic-related factors. The stepwise multiple linear regression analysis showed that epidemic-related factors can significantly predict children’s behavior and parents’ physical, emotion, and cognition. ConclusionsThese results can provide theoretical basis for the behavior management of children at home and the psychological adjustment of parents during the epidemic.

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Emotional arousal may increase susceptibility to fraud in older and younger adults.

Cited by 82 publications

References 61 publications

Losing Money and Motivation: Effects of Loss Incentives on Motivation and Metacognition in Younger and Older Adults

Losing Money and Motivation: Effects of Loss Incentives on Motivation and Metacognition in Younger and Older Adults

Age differences in financial decision making:The benefits of more experience and less negative emotions

The effect of the COVID-19 outbreak on children’s behavior and parents’ mental health in China: A research study

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