Emotional Availability, Parental Self-Efficacy Beliefs, and Child Development in Caregiver-Child Relationships with Buprenorphine-Exposed 3-year-olds

Cognitive function of youths born to mothers with opioid and poly-substance abuse problems during pregnancy

“…However, there are earlier studies that did not find significant group differences in the cognitive abilities of drug-exposed children compared to non-exposed children (Bernstein et al, 1984;de Cubas & Field, 1993;Hans, 1989;Kaltenbach & Finnegan, 1989;Lifschitz et al, 1985;Melinder et al, 2013;Messinger et al, 2004;Rosen & Johnson, 1985;Salo et al, 2009). The present study is, to our knowledge, the first such study of vulnerable youths that does not include younger children and investigates the mediating effects of perinatal factors.…”

“…Some studies find that young children who have been exposed to opioids and multiple substances have greater impairments in general cognitive abilities than non-exposed children (Bunikowski et al, 1998;Hunt et al, 2008;Johnson, Diano, & Rosen, 1984;Logan et al, 2013;Moe, 2002a;Moe & Slinning, 2001;Salo et al, 2009;van Baar & de Graaff, 1994;Wahlsten & Sarman, 2013;Wilson, 1989;Wilson, McCreary, Kean, & Baxter, 1979), whereas others do not find such differences either before (de Cubas & Field, 1993;Kaltenbach & Finnegan, 1989;Melinder et al, 2013;Rosen & Johnson, 1985;Strauss, Lessen-Firestone, Chavez, & Stryker, 1979) or after controlling for covariates (Bauman & Levine, 1986;Lifschitz, Wilson, Smith, & Desmond, 1985;Messinger et al, 2004).…”

Behavioural outcomes of four-year-old children prenatally exposed to methadone or buprenorphine: a test of three risk models

“…These drugs may have a negative effect on brain development, behavior, and cognition (Moe, 2002;Slinning, 2004;Walhovd et al, 2007). Several studies support the teratogenic risk model in that they link prenatal drug exposure to developmental problems, specifically problems in cognition (Baar & Graaff, 1994;Bauman & Levine, 1986;Konijnenberg & Melinder, 2014;Melinder, Konijnenberg, & Sarfi, 2013;Salo et al, 2009). However, whether the teratogenic risk model can account for behavioral problems commonly found in children of women in OMT remains to be investigated.…”

“…At 4 years old, they struggle with less efficient executive functions compared to their non-exposed peers (Konijnenberg & Melinder, 2014). In preschool age, children of women in OMT are more aggressive, more depressed, less responsive, and have more difficulties with interactions with peers and adults compared to non-exposed children (Baar, Soepatmi, Gunning, & Akkerhuis, 1994;Salo et al, 2009). When reaching school-age, methadone-exposed children more often require special assistance for behavioral and academic problems than non-exposed children .…”

The Relationship between Personality Characteristics, Perfectionism of Mothers and Emotional Problems of their Daughters

“…Negative perfectionist mothers never feel triumph and constantly blame themselves because of unrealistic expectations, finally, they experience high levels of anxiety and fear of failure which cause symptoms of depression and neuroticism (Flett and Hewitt, 2006). Salo et al (2009) compared emotional availability, maternal self-efficacy beliefs, and child developmental status in caregiverchild relationships with prenatally buprenorphine-exposed and no exposed 3-year-old children. Results showed that biological mothers scored lower on Sensitivity and Nonhostility and self-efficacy beliefs, and their children scored lower on Responsiveness and the Bayley Cognitive Scale.…”