Emotional bias and waking salivary cortisol in relatives of patients with major depression

Masurier, Marisa Le; Cowen, Philip J.; Harmer, Catherine J.

doi:10.1017/s0033291706009184

Cited by 41 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…11 However, the pathophysiology of the role that family history of MDD plays in the development and diagnosis of MDD is not yet entirely understood. The behavioural data suggest that the key skills impaired in individuals with a family history of MDD are emotion processing [12][13][14] and attention shifting from emotional content, 15,16 neural correlates of which have been previously verified in healthy individuals. [17][18][19] These 2 processes are crucial components of emotional regulation 20,21 and represent its 2 basic functions: an ability to explore emotional meaning of the environment and a potential to withdraw from the exploration in accordance with one's goals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Recruitment of the left hemispheric emotional attention neural network in risk for and protection from depression

Lisiecka

Carballedo

Fagan

et al. 2013

J Psychiatry Neurosci

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IntroductionIndividuals with a first-degree relative who has major depressive disorder (MDD) are at a 2-to 3-fold greater risk for depression than those without a family history of MDD. 1 Rela tives of depressed patients, compared with individuals without family history of psychiatric disorders, are characterized by elevated neuroticism, depressive cognitions and rigidity 2 and by stability of these traits over time.3 Patients with MDD who had relatives with an affective disorder display greater neuroticism 4 and have an earlier age of onset of MDD. 5 Evidently, family history of MDD alters susceptibility to depression and to an acute MDD episode. The factor is clinically important since it involves mechanisms of elevated risk for MDD (relatives of patients with MDD compared with healthy controls), suggests relative resilience to the disease (relatives of patients with MDD compared with the patients themselves) and points to different endophenotypes of healthy controls and patients with MDD. A good understanding of these mechanisms should not be underestimated if diagnosis, therapy and prevention of the disorder are to be enhanced. Background: Family history of major depressive disorder (MDD) increases individuals' vulnerability to depression and alters the way depression manifests itself. Emotion processing and attention shifting are functions altered by MDD and family history of the disease; therefore, it is important to recognize the neural correlates of these functions in association with both factors. Methods: Our study determines neural correlates of emotion processing and attention shifting for healthy individuals and patients with MDD with and without family history of depression. We compared the performance and neural activity in a functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment examining emotion processing and attention shifting in all participants. Results: Our sample included 4 study groups: healthy controls without family history of depression (n = 25), patients with MDD without family history of the disease (n = 20), unaffected healthy first-degree relatives of patients with MDD (n = 21) and patients with MDD with family history of MDD (n = 30). Compared with healthy controls, unaffected first-degree relatives overactivate the somatosensory cortex and the attention controlling areas during both emotion processing and attention shifting. Patients with family history of MDD have stronger neural activation in subcortical areas during shifting attention from negative stimuli. Patients without family history of MDD have less activation in the paralimbic regions and more activation in core limbic areas, especially during emotion processing. Limitations: The conclusions about the intergroup differences in activation can be drawn only about neural areas engaged in the task. Conclusion: Unaffected first-degree relatives of patients with MDD overreact to external emotional cues and compensate for the vulnerability with increased involvement of executive control. Patients with a family history of MDD have le...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Recruitment of the left hemispheric emotional attention neural network in risk for and protection from depression

Lisiecka

Carballedo

Fagan

et al. 2013

J Psychiatry Neurosci

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“…Bouhuys et al [1999] found that increased perception of negative emotions is related to relapse, although the recognition of negative emotions decreased from the acute to the remitted phase. The conceptualization of fear recognition as a vulnerability marker was further supported in a study by Masurier et al [2007], who found faster recognition of facial expressions of fear in female first-degree relatives of depressed patients compared to controls without a family history of depression. Biases in the processing of emotional information may thus be a stable trait characteristic, even occurring before the onset of a first depressive episode [Leppänen, 2006;review].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Residual cognitive impairments in remitted depressed patients

2008

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Depressive disorders are associated with various cognitive impairments. Studies on whether or not these impairments persist into the euthymic phase have shown conflicting results, due to differences in test versions and in study samples. In this paper, we aimed to compare the cognitive performance of remitted depressed patients with that of age-and gender-matched healthy volunteers across a wide range of cognitive domains. In two studies, we found few differences on neutral as well as emotional information processing tests. The findings indicate that remitted depressed patients who use antidepressant medication still show an increased recognition of facial expression of fear compared to healthy controls. Patients also performed worse on a test of recognition of abstract visual information from long-term memory. No other residual cognitive impairments were found. These results indicate that most of the cognitive impairments associated with depression resolve with recovery through medication, even when recovery is incomplete. Considering the finding that remitted depressed patients have higher levels of cognitive reactivity, future studies may investigate the possibility that these cognitive impairments have not resolved but have become latent, and may therefore easily be triggered by small changes in mood state.

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“…For conscious tasks, high-risk individuals with subclinical depressive symptoms have been reported as being less accurate [36] and quicker [37] at identifying negative and neutral emotions, and other research shows them to be less accurate in identifying happiness. [38] Misidentification rates show that highrisk individuals also have a greater tendency to perceive negative emotion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chan et al [38] NEUROTICISM (N): EPQ [101] High N: 33 (22), 18.82(0.98) EPQ 9.58 (8)(9)(10)(11)(12); BDI [88] 8.33 (5.97) Low N: 42 (18) Csukly et al [36] DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS: Thirteen depression items from SCL-90 [102] Healthy participants: 117 (68) [37] FIRST DEGREE RELATIVES of patients with depression: FH-RDC [103] Relatives: 25(25), 39.8(13.9) BDI [88] 3.8(4.4); EPQNeuroticism [101] 6.8(3.7)…”

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confidence: 99%

Negative biases and risk for depression; integrating self-report and emotion task markers

Watters

Williams

2011

Depress. Anxiety

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Emotional bias and waking salivary cortisol in relatives of patients with major depression

Abstract: Subtle biases in the processing of emotional information may exist in the unaffected first-degree relatives of those with depression. As such, this may represent a familial vulnerability factor to developing a depressive illness.

Cited by 41 publications

References 27 publications

Recruitment of the left hemispheric emotional attention neural network in risk for and protection from depression

Recruitment of the left hemispheric emotional attention neural network in risk for and protection from depression

Residual cognitive impairments in remitted depressed patients

Negative biases and risk for depression; integrating self-report and emotion task markers

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