Emotional Content of Dreams in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome Patients and Sleepy Snorers attending a Sleep-Disordered Breathing Clinic

Fisher, S; Bartle, Iona; Ghosal, Robin; Davies, Lois; Blagrove, Mark

doi:10.5664/jcsm.28043

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Fisher et al in a study on forty-seven patients with sleepiness and snoring which based on AHI grouped as AHI < 5, AHI 5 -14.9, and AHI ≥ 15, found an increase in dream unpleasantness with increasing AHI. The AHI ≥ 15 group had significantly more negative emotionally dreams than the AHI < 5 group (12). Also, previously, Carrasco et al, reported negative dream in sleep apnea patients (10).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…The studies on the correlation between the sleep apnea and unpleasant dream were generally based on retrospective ascertainment of nightmare frequency, and there are controversies in their finding. Since, some small sample size studies reported that patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have negative emotional tone in dreams and dream emotion decreased with increasing apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) [9][10][11][12], others failed to confirm this and reported that nightmare frequency declines with Increasing AHI [6]. Because of disagreement between studies and lack of sufficient investigations on the study of risk of sleep apnea and unpleasant dream content, in this study we attempt to assess the relationship between risk of sleep apnea and unpleasant dream content in a large sample population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unpleasant Dream Content and Risk of Sleep Apnea

Khazaie¹

2014

J Psychiatry

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Objective: The aim of this study was assess the association between risk of sleep apnea and reported unpleasant dream content in healthy individual. Methods: In this prospective study, participants completed Berlin questionnaire (BQ) to assess their risk for sleep apnea and also, completed a self-report questionnaire that assessed unpleasant dream experiences over the past month including frequency of recalled dreams. Based on BQ finding, participants divided in two groups (low and high risk for sleep apnea) and unpleasant dream content were compared between two groups. Results: four hundred forty eight participants completed questionnaires. 72 subjects (16%) were diagnosed as high risk for sleep apnea, and 376 (84%) were recognized as low risk. There were no significant differences on items related to the frequency of each unpleasant dream between two groups. Also, 32% of low risk subjects reported infrequent dream recall and 25% reported frequent dream recall. Whereas in high risk group, 30% subjects reported infrequent and 30% reported frequent dream recall. There were no significant differences on any of the general measures of dream recall. Conclusion: This study provides no evidence of an association between frequency of unpleasant dream and risk of sleep apnea. Light sleep, high arousal frequency and impaired short term memory might affect reported dream content as well as dream recall frequency.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unpleasant Dream Content and Risk of Sleep Apnea

Khazaie¹

2014

J Psychiatry

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“…Though some researchers have reported less dreams in patients with OSA, others have described that patients with OSA have increased dreams with emotional content, mainly violent and hostile (14–17). It has been postulated that obstructive events during REM sleep may activate the limbic system, which may increase dreams with high emotional contents (15).…”

Section: Osa and Emotional Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dreams and Nightmares in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Review

BaHammam

Almeneessier

2019

Front. Neurol.

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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) can present with or provoke various psychological symptoms. In this article, we critically review studies that have examined dreams, dream recall, and dream content in patients with OSA. Obstructive events induce recurrent sleep fragmentation and intermittent desaturations in patients with OSA, which may trigger different parasomnias, including nightmares. Contradictory results have been reported concerning dreams in patients with OSA; while some investigators have reported less dreams in OSA patients, others have described that patients with OSA have increased dreams with emotional content, mainly violent and hostile content. Although there are reports of respiratory-related dream content in patients with OSA, most studies that have assessed the dream content of patients with OSA revealed that respiratory-related dream content was unusual. A clear association between post-traumatic stress disorders, comorbid OSA, and nightmares has been reported in several studies. Furthermore, an improvement in nightmare frequency with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment has been shown. An inverse relationship between the severity of OSA reflected by the apnea-hypopnea index and dream recall has been demonstrated in several studies. Future studies should differentiate between patients with non-stage specific OSA and patients with rapid eye movement (REM) predominant OSA.

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“…Some studies have reported an increased DRF and duration of dreams in patients with SBD ( 74 ). Dreams are more negative in sleepers with an apnea-hypopnea index >15 ( 75 ). Continuous positive airway pressure therapy (Gold Standard treatment of SBD) decreases nightmare frequency in SBD patients suffering from traumatic disorders ( 76 ).…”

Section: Pathologies and Medicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodological Recommendations to Control for Factors Influencing Dream and Nightmare Recall in Clinical and Experimental Studies of Dreaming

et al. 2020

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In order to ensure robust relationships between the dependent and independent variables in clinical dream/nightmare studies, the major factors which influence the frequency of reported dreams must be controlled. This article sets out methodological recommendations to both researchers seeking to ensure the equivalence of experimental groups of participants in group-matching designs, and to clinicians who wish to check that any change in frequency of reported nightmares over the course of a psychological or a pharmacological intervention is not caused by factors other than the experimental treatment itself. The main factors influencing the frequency of dream recall are presented: demographic variables, psychological characteristics, pathological dimensions, and substance consumption. A series of questionnaires is proposed for easily measuring these control variables.

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Emotional Content of Dreams in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome Patients and Sleepy Snorers attending a Sleep-Disordered Breathing Clinic

Cited by 19 publications

References 12 publications

Unpleasant Dream Content and Risk of Sleep Apnea

Unpleasant Dream Content and Risk of Sleep Apnea

Dreams and Nightmares in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Review

Methodological Recommendations to Control for Factors Influencing Dream and Nightmare Recall in Clinical and Experimental Studies of Dreaming

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