Emotional processes and gang membership: A narrative review

Mallion, Jaimee S.; Wood, Jane L.

doi:10.1016/j.avb.2018.10.001

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…While the bulk of gang scholarship focused on community, group, and demographic factors that relate to gang status and offending, there have also been intermittent references to the role of psychological deficits and behavioral disorders among gang-involved youth. According to some research (e.g., DeLisi et al, 2019; Lahey et al, 1999; Mallion & Wood, 2018; Wood et al, 2017), these behavioral disorders play a central role in the gang-offending relationship, and, at times, even mediate it. The current study found that behavioral disorders generally and CD specifically were associated with recidivism, but these effects were contingent on whether rearrest or readjudication was the outcome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathways to Recidivism: Do Behavioral Disorders Explain the Gang-Recidivism Relationship during Reentry?

Baglivio

Limoncelli

DeLisi

2020

Criminal Justice and Behavior

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Current scholarship on gang involvement and behavior has focused on several individual and environmental factors believed to drive the use of violence, yet limited research has explored the potentially confounding role of behavioral disorders. Using a sample of youth who completed a long-term residential placement within the Florida Department of Juvenile Justice (FDJJ), this study extends the recent findings of DeLisi et al. to determine whether the presence of a conduct disorder or other behavioral disorder renders the effect of gang involvement on recidivism spurious. Using a series of logistic regression models, behavioral disorders were associated with rearrest, but for males only. Furthermore, behavioral disorders did not render the effect of gang membership on rearrest or readjudication spurious, as the main effect of gang involvement held across all models estimated. Gang-involved adjudicated youth present with myriad mental health, temperamental, and individual risk factors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathways to Recidivism: Do Behavioral Disorders Explain the Gang-Recidivism Relationship during Reentry?

Baglivio

Limoncelli

DeLisi

2020

Criminal Justice and Behavior

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“…Family ties favour the cultural transmission and learning processes required for recruitment into criminal organisations (Gordon 2000;Sergi 2016). The role of family is particularly strong for traditional groups such as the Italian mafias, where being born in a mafia family often determines an individual's early involvement in the organisation (Albini 1971;Arlacchi 1983;Ciconte 1992;Gambetta 1993;Hess 1973;Lupo 1993;Paoli 2003;Sciarrone 2014;Sergi 2016). However, more recent research shows that the importance of the family extends even beyond the more traditional and family-based criminal organisations.…”

Section: Social Tiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A specific skill is the capacity to maintain silence. For the Italian mafias, adherence to the code of silence, or omertà, is often an essential requirement for recruitment into the organisation (Albini 1971;Ciconte 1992;Cressey 1969;Gambetta 1993;Hess 1973;Lupo 1993;Paoli 2003). The code of silence encompasses a variety of behavioural and attitudinal elements, including diffidence towards and avoidance of contact with law enforcement agencies, a commitment not to reveal information to outsiders, and a general attitude of denying the existence of the criminal groups.…”

Section: Criminal Background and Skillsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recruitment into organised criminal groups: A systematic review

Calderoni¹,

Campedelli²,

Comunale³

et al. 2020

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This paper provides a narrative synthesis of the results of a systematic review of the social, psychological and economic factors leading to recruitment into organised crime. This is based on the analysis of evidence emerging from 47 qualitative, quantitative and mixed-method studies published in or before 2017. While the selected studies varied markedly in method and quality, several factors emerged as particularly important in understanding recruitment into organised criminal groups. These included the role of social relations (family, kinship, friendship and work-relations), criminal background and criminal skills.

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“…As such, this emphasizes the need to tailor treatment programs specifically to street gang prisoners, as their needs differ from the general offending population (Wood et al, 2017). Therefore, it can be suggested that including an emotion-focused component in treatment programs could aid in improving desistance among street gang prisoners, reducing the associated interpersonal violence (Mallion & Wood, 2018). Despite a current lack of evidence base, such socio-emotional programs are particularly popular amongst schools as a method of early interventions for street gang involvement (Public Health England, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Emotional Dispositions Between Street Gang and Non-Gang Prisoners

Mallion

Wood

2018

J Interpers Violence

Self Cite

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Effectively recognizing, identifying, and utilizing emotional stimuli is essential for successful social interactions, with deficits in these robustly identified as risk factors for offending. Psychological understanding of street gang membership is limited, particularly surrounding emotional dispositions distinguishing street gang from non-gang offenders. This study examined how street gang members compare with non-gang offenders on trait emotional intelligence (TEI), antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), callous-unemotional traits, anger rumination, and aggression. Recruited through volunteer sampling, participants included 73 (44 street gang and 29 non-gang) male offenders incarcerated at a U.K. Category C prison. Participants completed seven questionnaires assessing emotional dispositions, social desirability, and, consistent with the Eurogang definition, street gang membership. To compare participants' demographics and identify the predictors of street gang membership, chi-square and discriminant function analyses were conducted. With a significant discriminant function, Λ = .80, χ(6) = 14.96, p = .021, high levels of ASPD, anger rumination, and aggression and low levels of TEI predict street gang membership. Compared with non-gang prisoners, street gang prisoners did not differ on callous-unemotional traits, age, or ethnicity. Results suggest that, compared with non-gang prisoners, street gang members were more likely to possess dysfunctional emotional dispositions. Findings from this research have important implications in terms of developing interventions for street gang membership. Specifically, this research supports the need for gang-specific early intervention and prevention programs, with emotion-focused components. Ideas for future research are discussed, including the identification of further sociocognitive, personality, and emotional traits distinguishing street gang from non-gang offenders.

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Emotional processes and gang membership: A narrative review

Abstract: The version in the Kent Academic Repository may differ from the final published version. Users are advised to check http://kar.kent.ac.uk for the status of the paper. Users should always cite the published version of record.

Cited by 7 publications

References 110 publications

Pathways to Recidivism: Do Behavioral Disorders Explain the Gang-Recidivism Relationship during Reentry?

Pathways to Recidivism: Do Behavioral Disorders Explain the Gang-Recidivism Relationship during Reentry?

Recruitment into organised criminal groups: A systematic review

Comparison of Emotional Dispositions Between Street Gang and Non-Gang Prisoners

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