Emotional Processing In Patients with Ischemic Heart Diseases

Abstract

BACKGROUND:Cardiovascular disease is the most prevalent public health problem on a worldwide scale, and ischemic heart disease accounts for approximately one-half of these events in high-income countries. One of the most important risk factors for this disease is mental and psychological especially stressful experiences.AIM:This research was established to compare emotional processing, as a key factor in stress appraisal, between IHD patients and people with no cardiovascular disease.METHODS:Using simple sampling, fifty patients were selected from people who diagnosed as IHD in the hospital and referred for treatment after discharging care and treatment. Control group participants were selected as control group peoples, using neighbourhood controls selection. The Emotional Processing Scale was filled by all members of the two groups.RESULTS:There were significant differences between the two groups on the EPS-25 total scores, as well as on emotional processing dimensions of signs of unprocessed emotion, unregulated emotion; avoidance and impoverished. Also, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the dimension of Suppression. The final step of regression revealed a β of 10.15 and 1.05 for AVO and IEE subscales respectively.CONCLUSION:The result showed that patients with IHD are using more negative emotional processing styles.

Psychometric Properties of Iranian Version of Emotional Processing Scale

“…For criterionrelated validity, three different samples were selected from Internal Medicine Clinic patients; Diabetes (60), Migraine (50), and Ischemic Heart Diseases IHD (50). Using neighborhood controls selection [2], we selected the same numbers of people without any mentioned disorders as the control group for each patient group.…”

“…All of the patients were diagnosed by an internal specialist (Table 1). Subsequently, in line with Kharamin et al [2], we used neighborhood controls selection [36] for selecting the control group. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 (for descriptive, reliability, T-test, and correlation data analysis) and a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was carried out to determine the EPS factor structure.…”

“…Emotional processing (EP) was defined at first by Rachman [1] as "a process whereby emotional disturbances are absorbed and decline to the extent that other experiences and behavior can proceed without disruption." More recently and finally, it has been defined as a psychological, psychophysiological, and psychoneurological mechanism by which emotional disturbance reactions in individuals are substituted to non-distressed reactions [2].…”

The Structure of the Emotional Processing Scale (EPS-25)

“…Every mental disorder group tested so far (e.g., substance abuse, eating disorder, social phobia) showed highly elevated scores on at least two subscales (Kemmis et al, 2017; Lotfi et al, 2014; Torres et al, 2020). Likewise, people suffering from medical (e.g., breast cancer, cardiomyopathy, cardiomyopathy, ischaemic heart disease) and psychogenic conditions (e.g., psychogenic epilepsy, functional neurological symptoms) showed elevated scores but to a lesser degree than mental disorders (Compare et al, 2018; Kharamin et al, 2018; Novakova et al, 2015; Ogińska-Bulik & Michalska, 2020; Reynolds et al, 2014).…”

“…Empirical support for any factor model is improved if one can test the external validity for the measured constructs. The EPS has been widely applied to patients suffering from organic diseases or medically unexplained symptoms (Compare et al, 2018; Kharamin et al, 2018; Novakova et al, 2015; Ogińska-Bulik & Michalska, 2020; Reynolds et al, 2014) revealing failures in emotional processing among the ill. Similarly, difficulties in emotion regulation, like reduced ability to identify and describe feelings and distinguish among them, were noted in patients with gastrointestinal organic conditions and functional disorders (Kano et al, 2018; Lauriola et al, 2011).…”