Emotional responses in borderline personality disorder and depression: Assessment during an acute crisis and 8 months later

Staebler, Katja; Gebhard, Rita; Barnett, Winfried; Renneberg, Babette

doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2008.04.003

Cited by 37 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In addition, it should be noted that BPD patients generally tend to report more negative emotions and less positive emotions (e.g. [70]) which might have influenced facial expressions in response to the presented faces in the study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial Reactions during Emotion Recognition in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Facial Electromyography Study

et al. 2013

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Background: Previous studies have suggested increased sensitivity for emotional facial expressions and subtle impairments in emotion recognition from facial expressions in borderline personality disorder (BPD). It has been proposed that facial mimicry contributes to emotion recognition of and emotional response to facial expressions. This study investigated whether BPD patients differ in facial reactions, emotion recognition and their subjective emotional response to faces showing different emotional expressions. Method: Twenty-eight female BPD patients and 28 healthy controls underwent a facial recognition task with dynamic facial pictures while facial muscle activity (occipitofrontalis, corrugator supercilii, levator labii superioris, zygomaticus major and orbicularis oculi) was recorded. Furthermore, participants rated the emotional intensity of the presented faces and the intensity of their subjective feeling of this emotion. Results: Compared to controls, BPD patients showed enhanced responses of the corrugator supercilii muscle in response to angry, sad and disgusted facial expressions, and attenuated responses of the levator labii superioris in response to happy and surprised faces. There were no overall group differences regarding emotion recognition performance or intensity ratings. Conclusion: These results do not support the view that facial recognition in BPD is impaired or that there is a general hypersensitivity to the emotional state of others. Instead, they suggest a negativity bias in BPD, expressed by reduced facial responding to positive social signals and increased facial responding to negative social signals. This is a pattern of facial reactions that might contribute to the difficulties in social interactions frequently reported by patients with this disorder.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial Reactions during Emotion Recognition in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Facial Electromyography Study

et al. 2013

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“…Since patients with BPD consistently report higher negative emotional states than controls (e.g., Rosenthal et al, ; Russell et al, ; Staebler et al, ; Stiglmayr et al, ), current mood state was assessed before and after Cyberball. For that purpose, a 14‐item self‐report inventory that has been used in previous research (Staebler et al, ) was applied. Its construction followed Gross and Levenson (), and emotion words relevant for BPD were added (Herpertz et al, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perception of Social Participation in Borderline Personality Disorder

Renneberg

Herm

Hahn

et al. 2011

Clin Psychology and Psychoth

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120

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Interpersonal dysfunction is a key feature of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Distorted perception of participation in social situations and altered emotional responses could contribute to these typical interpersonal problems in BPD. Thirty patients with BPD were compared with a healthy control group (n = 30) in their perceptions and subjective emotional reactions to situations of social inclusion and exclusion. Participants played Cyberball, a virtual ball-tossing paradigm, in which social inclusion and exclusion are experimentally induced. Control participants reacted with an increase in sadness, anger and overall negative affect when excluded. In BPD patients, social exclusion also induced anger, while general participating in the game seemed to reduce levels of sadness. Compared with healthy controls, BPD patients felt more readily excluded independent of the condition of inclusion or exclusion. In conclusion, patients with BPD displayed a negative bias toward perceived participation in social situations. Key PRACTITIONER MESSAGE: Patients with BPD have a biased perception for exclusion. Virtual ball-tossing games can be used to induce anger in patients with BPD. Participating in a virtual ball-tossing game may reduce levels of sadness in BPD in the short term.

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“…It seems thus conceivable that cognitive processing in BPD patients is primarily altered under conditions of emotional distress, as the high intensity of the associated affective processes might exhaust the cognitive resources required for successful emotion regulation. In line with this notion, BPD patients have been shown to exhibit an increased amygdala response to faces with negative emotional and even emotionally neutral expressions (Donegan et al, 2003), and despite the fact that multiple negative emotions are found to be elevated in BPD (Jacob et al, 2009; Staebler et al, 2009), amygdala hyperreactivity in BPD patients is most prominently observed in response to fearful faces (Minzenberg et al, 2007). Moreover, BPD patients also exhibit altered mPFC-amygdala connectivity during fear processing (Cullen et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…This is in line with the notion that inhibitory control in BPD patients is particularly impaired when the irrelevant information to be suppressed is emotionally aversive in nature (Arntz et al, 2000; Korfine and Hooley, 2000; Domes et al, 2006; Sieswerda et al, 2007). It is thus conceivable that alterations of cognitive processing in BPD might rather result from a primary alteration of emotion processing or its regulation, like the well-documented preferential processing of negative emotions in BPD patients (Barnow et al, 2009; Domes et al, 2009; Dyck et al, 2009; Staebler et al, 2009), particularly in interpersonal contexts (Benjamin et al, 1989; Sieswerda et al, 2007). Compatibly, a direct investigation of voluntary emotion regulation in BPD has indeed yielded both increased amygdala activation and decreased recruitment of the OFC in BPD patients relative to healthy controls (Schulze et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trait anxiety modulates fronto-limbic processing of emotional interference in borderline personality disorder

Holtmann¹,

Herbort²,

Wüstenberg³

et al. 2013

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Previous studies of cognitive alterations in borderline personality disorder (BPD) have yielded conflicting results. Given that a core feature of BPD is affective instability, which is characterized by emotional hyperreactivity and deficits in emotion regulation, it seems conceivable that short-lasting emotional distress might exert temporary detrimental effects on cognitive performance. Here we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate how task-irrelevant emotional stimuli (fearful faces) affect performance and fronto-limbic neural activity patterns during attention-demanding cognitive processing in 16 female, unmedicated BPD patients relative to 24 age-matched healthy controls. In a modified flanker task, emotionally negative, socially salient pictures (fearful vs. neutral faces) were presented as distracters in the background. Patients, but not controls, showed an atypical response pattern of the right amygdala with increased activation during emotional interference in the (difficult) incongruent flanker condition, but emotion-related amygdala deactivation in the congruent condition. A direct comparison of the emotional conditions between the two groups revealed that the strongest diagnosis-related differences could be observed in the dorsal and, to a lesser extent, also in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (dACC, rACC) where patients exhibited an increased neural response to emotional relative to neutral distracters. Moreover, in the incongruent condition, both the dACC and rACC fMRI responses during emotional interference were negatively correlated with trait anxiety in the patients, but not in the healthy controls. As higher trait anxiety was also associated with longer reaction times (RTs) in the BPD patients, we suggest that in BPD patients the ACC might mediate compensatory cognitive processes during emotional interference and that such neurocognitive compensation that can be adversely affected by high levels of anxiety.

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Emotional responses in borderline personality disorder and depression: Assessment during an acute crisis and 8 months later

Cited by 37 publications

References 38 publications

Facial Reactions during Emotion Recognition in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Facial Electromyography Study

Facial Reactions during Emotion Recognition in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Facial Electromyography Study

Perception of Social Participation in Borderline Personality Disorder

Trait anxiety modulates fronto-limbic processing of emotional interference in borderline personality disorder

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