Emotional State According to Breakfast Consumption in 62276 South Korean Adolescents

Abstract

Objectives: Adolescents frequently skip breakfast for a variety of reasons. We investigated associations between lifestyle, emotional state, and breakfast consumption in adolescents. Methods: Data from 62276 adolescents were derived from the 13th Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBS), conducting from June 1, 2017 to June 30. The adolescents were drawn by stratified multistage clustered samples from 400 middle schools and 400 high schools. Breakfast skipper was defined as those who ate breakfast less than 2 days per week. Results: Among 62276 participants, 19658 (31.5%) were breakfast skippers. Compared to those who were steady eaters, those who skipped breakfast were younger and shorter, had a poorer academic performance, poorer parent education status, and lower family economic status. Compared to steady eaters, those who skipped breakfast regularly also tended to be more overweight and obese, participate in exercise less frequently, and report increased stress, depressive mood, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts. Skipping breakfast was also associated with increased levels of smoking and alcohol consumption compared to steady eaters. Conclusions: Skipping breakfast is associated with an adverse effect on adolescent health and well-being, especially in regard to suicide attempts. Public and parental education on the benefits of eating breakfast in adolescents is recommended.

Food Consumed by High School Students during the School Day

“…We also found some educational interventions [42,[46][47][48][49][50][51][52] and studies that focused on adherence to the Mediterranean diet [53,54]. Of special interest are those relating emotional state [55] or social support [56,57] with breakfast among adolescents. The scarcity of research on adolescent eating habits during the school day [16][17][18][19][20]56] justifies the relevance of this line of research and supports the need for policies that favour the creation of healthy environments.…”

“…Several studies show that girls tend to skip breakfast more frequently than boys, as well as older students as compared to younger ones [15,23,29]. This last fact is also widespread among those students whose parents have a higher educational level [55] and among those who do not perform physical activity [55].…”

<p>Skipping Breakfast and Its Association with Health Risk Behaviour and Mental Health Among University Students in 28 Countries</p>

“…Various studies among adolescents or emerging adults found associations between skipping breakfast and overweight/obesity, 6,[10][11][12][13][14][15] more negative body perception 13 and unhealthy dietary behaviour, 16 including low fruit and vegetable intake, 1,13,16,17 higher sodium intake, 16 lower consumption milk/dairy, 1,11,16 higher consumption of sweets, sugary or soft drinks, 1,13 and skipping other meals. 11,13 Mental health correlates of skipping breakfast include stress or mentally distressed, [18][19][20] depressive mood, 10,18,[21][22][23] lower happiness scores, 24 suicidal behaviour, 10,18 shorter sleep duration, 1 nocturnal sleeping problems, 25 and poor sleep quality. 26 Skipping breakfast has among adolescents or emerging adults further been associated with substance use, such as smoking 1,12,27 and alcohol use, 1,10,12 physical inactivity 1,11,15,28…”

“…11,13 Mental health correlates of skipping breakfast include stress or mentally distressed, [18][19][20] depressive mood, 10,18,[21][22][23] lower happiness scores, 24 suicidal behaviour, 10,18 shorter sleep duration, 1 nocturnal sleeping problems, 25 and poor sleep quality. 26 Skipping breakfast has among adolescents or emerging adults further been associated with substance use, such as smoking 1,12,27 and alcohol use, 1,10,12 physical inactivity 1,11,15,28 and sedentary behaviour. 1,11 Other effects included poor oral hygiene, such as less frequent tooth brushing 29 and no dental care visit in the past year, 30 and poor hand hygiene, such as no hand washing before meals, 29 no seatbelt use, 29 cardio metabolic risk factors, such as systolic blood pressure, 5 and poorer academic performance.…”

“…1,11 Other effects included poor oral hygiene, such as less frequent tooth brushing 29 and no dental care visit in the past year, 30 and poor hand hygiene, such as no hand washing before meals, 29 no seatbelt use, 29 cardio metabolic risk factors, such as systolic blood pressure, 5 and poorer academic performance. 10,15,19 The study aimed to investigate the associations between skipping breakfast and various health compromising behaviours and mental health in university students in 28 countries.…”