Emotional Well-being During the First Four Months of COVID-19 in the United States

Ebert, Alexandria R.; Bernstein, Laura; Carney, Amy Knepple; Patrick, Julie Hicks

doi:10.1007/s10804-020-09365-x

Cited by 25 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…However, in this study, age did not have significant relationships with positive affect and was not associated with facing COVID-19. In this regard, Ebert et al ( 2020 ), in a study with a comparable sample to our study (participants from crowdsourcing platform, MTurk), found mean age differences were observed, but the trajectory of change did not differ by age. This suggests that responses to COVID-19 may be age-invariant and that effects on well-being are not immediate, but that they may emerge over a longer period of time.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…Another research study has shown that age was significantly and negatively associated with initial negative affect, but age did not influence the shape or rate of change over time. Moreover, although older adults showed higher positive affect and lower negative affect relative to younger adults, age differences in the trajectory of change did not emerge (Ebert et al, 2020 ). In relation to age, another study carried out with a sample majority of students, between 18 and 40 years old, showed mild to severe General Anxiety Disorder, and a high level of perceived stress, however, it is not known what the reasons might be for this age-determined difference (Rogowska et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Individual Differences Facing the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Age, Gender, Personality, and Positive Psychology

et al. 2021

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Research on individual differences in facing the COVID-19 pandemic seems to be crucial in order to design diverse and highly effective intervention strategies. This study uses a sample of 302 North American participants who were recruited through the crowdsourcing platform ProA; different profiles were established, profiling variables of interest in facing the COVID-19 outbreak. Socio-demographic and psychological (personality traits, gratitude, life purpose, and religiosity) variables were explored. These results are of interest if we want to deepen the study of individual differences at both a theoretical and applied level.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual Differences Facing the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Age, Gender, Personality, and Positive Psychology

et al. 2021

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“…In addition, our study contributes to the existing literature on employee well-being during the pandemic across countries (e.g., Bidzan-Bluma et al, 2020;Ebert et al, 2020;Gubler et al, 2020;Paredes et al, 2020;Risi et al, 2020;Sibley et al, 2020), by examining employees in France and the UK, two countries that were hit particularly hard in Europe, each counting more than 50,000 deaths caused by the coronavirus at the time of the study. A further strength of our study is that it was carried out during the strict lockdown period of eight weeks that both countries introduced in April/May 2020.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Employee Well-Being Profiles During COVID-19 Lockdown: A Latent Profile Analysis of French and UK Employees

et al. 2021

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The coronavirus pandemic, social distancing, and lockdown measures have had an impact on employee well-being. This study uses Latent Profile Analysis to examine subjective well-being among employees during the first lockdown based on a cross-national survey in UK and France (n = 652). We identify five distinct well-being profiles, namely Moderately positive (67%), Languishing (18%), Flourishing (8%), Mixed feelings (4%), and Apathetic (3%). The results showed that while some employees were suffering, others managed to thrive and cope with the stresses of the lockdown. We also found that the profiles could be distinguished by perceived changes in financial situation and physical health as well as experienced boredom. Our study complements prior studies that examine the relations between individual characteristics and well-being during the pandemic on a general level by showing that employee well-being under lockdown is not the same across the board.

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“…Furthermore, these aforementioned variables (CT, gratitude, and affect) plus the age variable, were able to predict negative and also positive affect through two regression models. In relation to age, the general consensus is that older people exhibit a feeling of greater wellbeing and less negative affectivity (e.g., Pinquart, 2001 ; Ebert et al, 2020 ). This is congruent with our results which indicate that older people have lower values of negative affectivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Age is a variable of interest as differences have been described for gratitude with regard to lifespan ( Jiang, 2020 ). Although the general consensus is that older people exhibit a feeling of greater wellbeing and less negative affectivity in a pandemic ( Bernabe-Valero et al, 2021 ), a research found that older adults showed higher positive affect and lower negative affect in comparison to younger adults, but similar patterns were found for both groups ( Ebert et al, 2020 ). On the other hand, gender differences have been reported on affect during the COVID-19 outbreak in some studies ( Terry et al, 2020 ; Pérez-Mengual et al, 2021 ) while others (i.e., Cao et al, 2020 ; Zhang and Ma, 2020 ) found no differences, reflecting inconsistent results that require further clarification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Moderation Effects of Comparative Thinking Between Gratitude and Negative Affect During the COVID-19 Outbreak

et al. 2021

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The aim of this research was to examine the moderation effects of comparative thinking (CT) across the relationship between gratitude and affect during the COVID-19 outbreak. To this purpose, multiple regression as well as moderation analyses were carried out. Age and sex were also addressed as variables of interest as described in previous literature. A sample of 306 north Americans was recruited by crowdsourcing platform ProA to obtain a representative sample based on age and gender. The participants filled in a questionnaire based on comparative thinking in relation to the emotional experience experienced before and during the COVID-19 outbreak, positive and negative affect schedule for positive and negative affect, as well as Gratitude Questionnaire - Six Items Form scores for gratitude. The main results of the current study related to the COVID-19 outbreak can be listed as follows: (i) no differences between CT groups in the gratitude trait, but differences in positive and negative affect did occur; (ii) regression models that included age, gratitude, and affect variables predicted negative and positive affects but gender did not reach the statistical level; (iii) two moderation models predicted affect from gratitude, with the CT variable moderating this effect; this moderation effect was also statistically significant in predicting negative affect but it was not statistically significant in predicting positive affect. These results might be of interest for training programs in applied levels and theoretical models of gratitude.

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Emotional Well-being During the First Four Months of COVID-19 in the United States

Cited by 25 publications

References 30 publications

Individual Differences Facing the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Age, Gender, Personality, and Positive Psychology

Individual Differences Facing the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Age, Gender, Personality, and Positive Psychology

Employee Well-Being Profiles During COVID-19 Lockdown: A Latent Profile Analysis of French and UK Employees

The Moderation Effects of Comparative Thinking Between Gratitude and Negative Affect During the COVID-19 Outbreak

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