Emotionality in male and female rodents: A reply to Archer

Gray, Jeffrey A.

doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1979.tb01713.x

Cited by 176 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(111 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In fact, gender differences in emotionality have not been demonstrated in a consistent direction throughout several behavioral models. For example, in the open field males usually show less locomotor activity and higher defecation levels than females [5]. Such results are traditionally interpreted as an indicative that males are more "fearful" or "anxious" than females.…”

Section: Sex Differencesmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Defecation in the open field was probably one of the first measures of animal emotionality, since this response is closely related with fear and autonomic arousal. Since then, several other animal paradigms of anxiety, mostly with rodents, have been developed (for a review see [3][4][5][6]). These tests consist of exposing an animal to an aversive environment while assessing one or a set of defensive behaviors, according to the innate or learned state characteristics of the threatening situation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Behavioral evaluation of eight rat lines selected for high and low anxiety-related responses

Gomes

Hassan

Maisonnette

et al. 2013

Behavioural Brain Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

evaluation of eight rat lines selected for high and low anxiety-related responses" (2013 • Genetic models are powerful tools to help understand anxiety disorders.• In order to determine the extent to which multiple anxiety traits generalize we compared eight genetic lines of rats selected for single high or low emotional responses.• We find many behavioral traits generalize across different animal lines selected for a single trait. a b s t r a c t Anxiety traits can be stable and permanent characteristics of an individual across time that is less susceptible of influences by a particular situation. One way to study trait anxiety in an experimental context is through the use of rat lines, selected according to contrasting phenotypes of fear and anxiety. It is not clear whether the behavioral differences between two contrasting rat lines in one given anxiety test are also present in others paradigms of state anxiety. Here, we examine the extent to which multiple anxiety traits generalize across selected animal lines originally selected for a single anxiety trait. We review the behavioral results available in the literature of eight rat genetic models of trait anxiety -namely Maudsley Reactive and Non-reactive rats, Floripa H and L rats, Tsukuba High and Low Emotional rats, High and Low Anxiety-related rats, High and Low Ultrasonic Vocalization rats, Roman High and Low Avoidance rats, Syracuse High and Low Avoidance rats, and Carioca High and Low Conditioned Freezing rats -across 11 behavioral paradigms of innate anxiety or aversive learning frequently used in the experimental setting. We observed both convergence and divergence of behavioral responses in these selected lines across the 11 paradigms. We find that predisposition for specific anxiety traits will usually be generalized to other anxiety provoking stimuli. However this generalization is not observed across all genetic models indicating some unique trait and state interactions. Genetic models of enhanced-anxiety related responses are beginning to help define how anxiety can manifest differently depending on the underlying traits and the current environmentally induced state. a r t i c l e i n f o

show abstract

Section: Sex Differencesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral evaluation of eight rat lines selected for high and low anxiety-related responses

Gomes

Hassan

Maisonnette

et al. 2013

Behavioural Brain Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It has been suggested that the reluctance of rats to explore the open arms of the maze is caused by fear of open spaces, rather than the novelty of the maze or its height (Pellow et al, 1985). The open field test is also a frequently used test of anxiety (Gray, 1979). Both tests have been pharmacologically validated with anxiolytic compounds increasing, and conversely anxiogenic compounds decreasing the percentage of time spent in the open areas (Pellow et al, 1985;Gentsch et al, 1987;Cole et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of subchronic phencyclidine on behaviour of female rats on the elevated plus maze and open field

2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Female hooded-Lister rats received either sub-chronic phencyclidine (PCP) (2 mg/kg, n=20) or vehicle (1 ml/kg, n=20) i.p. twice daily for seven days, followed by a sevenday washout period. Rats were challenged with acute PCP or vehicle and tested for locomotor activity to ensure hyperactivity was observed in the sub-chronic PCP treated rats. Rats were then tested on the elevated plus maze and in an open field for 10 minutes. Sub-chronic PCP did not significantly affect behaviour on the elevated plus maze or in the open field. In conclusion, sub-chronic PCP does not induce anxiety-like behaviour.

show abstract

“…Interpreting behavioral tests for emotionality while separating non-emotional confounding factors, such as motor activity, has been the subject of intense debate 6,7 . As the OFM was originally described, two measures of emotionality can be deduced, locomotor activity and fecal boli deposits or defecation 1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of the Open Field Maze to Measure Locomotor and Anxiety-like Behavior in Mice

Seibenhener

Wooten

2015

JoVE

917

658

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Animal models have proven to be invaluable to researchers trying to answer questions regarding the mechanisms of behavior. The Open Field Maze is one of the most commonly used platforms to measure behaviors in animal models. It is a fast and relatively easy test that provides a variety of behavioral information ranging from general ambulatory ability to data regarding the emotionality of the subject animal. As it relates to rodent models, the procedure allows the study of different strains of mice or rats both laboratory bred and wild-captured. The technique also readily lends itself to the investigation of different pharmacological compounds for anxiolytic or anxiogenic effects. Here, a protocol for use of the open field maze to describe mouse behaviors is detailed and a simple analysis of general locomotor ability and anxiety-related emotional behaviors between two strains of C57BL/6 mice is performed. Briefly, using the described protocol we show Wild Type mice exhibited significantly less anxiety related behaviors than did age-matched Knock Out mice while both strains exhibited similar ambulatory ability. Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at

show abstract

Emotionality in male and female rodents: A reply to Archer

Cited by 176 publications

References 41 publications

Behavioral evaluation of eight rat lines selected for high and low anxiety-related responses

Behavioral evaluation of eight rat lines selected for high and low anxiety-related responses

Effects of subchronic phencyclidine on behaviour of female rats on the elevated plus maze and open field

Use of the Open Field Maze to Measure Locomotor and Anxiety-like Behavior in Mice

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About