Emotions in Diary Dreams

Hypnagogic and Hypnopompic Hallucinations during Sleep Paralysis: Neurological and Cultural Construction of the Night-Mare

“…With regard to emotions fear appears to be much more common in the night-mare. In the present study, 90% of the student sample and 98% of the WWW sample reported fear, whereas fear is reported in only about 30% of dreams (Merritt, Stickgold, Pace-Schott, Williams, & Hobson, 1994;Schredl & Doll, 1998). Moreover, HHEs associated with SP also do not appear to be so uncritically accepted as does dream imagery, and that imagery is not as overwhelmingly visual.…”

Dreaming and personality: Wake-dream continuity, thought suppression, and the Big Five Inventory

“…Research has found that participants sometimes misjudge their dreams in terms of interactions (friendly, sexual, and aggressive: Domhoff, 2003), and retrospective estimates of dreams are influenced by dream recall frequency (Beaulieu-Prévost & Zadra, 2005). But on the other hand, research has also shown that when judging the emotionality of a dream, external ratings greatly underestimate dreams compared to participants' self-ratings; in one study, for example, less than 1% of dreams were deemed to contain no emotions according to participant self-ratings, whereas this figure was 13.5% for external ratings (Schredl & Doll, 1998). Since judges can only rate emotionality in a dream if it is explicitly mentioned whereas participants are able to tell this simply from their experience of the dream, it is likely that it is the judges that underestimate emotions in dreams, rather than participants overestimating them.…”

Emotion and Cognition: Feeling and Character Identification in Dreaming

“…Previous reviews and studies were done by eliciting dream reports and analyzing cognitive differences that occur in dreams and in waking (in, for example, Blick & Howe, 1984;Bosinelli, 1995;Cartwright et al, 1998;Cicogna et al, 1991;Domhoff, 1996Domhoff, , 1999Foulkes et al, 1988;Hall & Van de Castle, 1966;Hobson, 1988Hobson, , 1997Kahn et al, 1997;Kramer, 1993;Nielsen et al, 1991;Schredl & Doll, 1998). We have recently undertaken a study of how characters that appear in dreams are recognized (Kahn et al, 2000).…”