Empathy, guilt proneness, and gender: Relative contributions to prosocial behaviour

Torstveit, Linda; Sütterlin, Stefan; Lugo, Ricardo G.

doi:10.5964/ejop.v12i2.1097

Cited by 31 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In line with the results of previous studies (e.g., Torstveit, Sütterlin & Lugo, 2016), we found higher levels of guilt in females than in males. We believe that this may be because females tend to be more empathic than men, which is true in this sample too.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Guilt, Shame, Empathy, Self-Esteem, and Traumas: New Data for the Validation of the Interpersonal Guilt Rating Scale–15 Self-Report (IGRS-15s)

Faccini

Gazzillo

Gorman

2020

Psychodynamic Psychiatry

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The aim of this paper is to present further data for the validation of the Interpersonal Guilt Rating Scale-15 self-report (IGRS-15s; Gazzillo et al., 2018). We recruited a sample of 448 subjects, to whom we administered the IGRS-15s together with other empirically validated measures for the assessment of social desirability, shame, self-esteem, empathy, mental health and therapeutic alliance. In line with our hypotheses, the previously established three-factor structure of the IGRS-15s (Survivor guilt, Omnipotence guilt, and Self-hate) was confirmed. Moreover, the internal consistency and test-retest reliability of IGRS-15s were adequate to good. All the IGRS-15s factors were negatively correlated with selfesteem and mental health and positively correlated with shame; Survivor guilt and Omnipotence guilt were positively correlated with empathy; Survivor guilt and Self-hate negatively affected therapeutic alliance; and different traumas had different, theoretically predictable, impacts on the different kinds of guilt. Overall, these data support the reliability and validity of the IGRS-15s.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Guilt, Shame, Empathy, Self-Esteem, and Traumas: New Data for the Validation of the Interpersonal Guilt Rating Scale–15 Self-Report (IGRS-15s)

Faccini

Gazzillo

Gorman

2020

Psychodynamic Psychiatry

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“…The negative relationship between narcissism and guilt proneness may be related to the lack of empathy and excessive sense of entitlement which often characterizes narcissism ( American Psychiatric Association, 2013 ). According to other studies, guilt proneness is positively correlated to empathy ( Torstveit et al, 2016 ; Xu et al, 2012 ). Individuals who are high in narcissism usually report negative associations to empathy, and it may reflect their inability to take other individual's emotional state, which also often may lead to antisocial behaviour ( Delič, Novak, Kovačič, & Avsec, 2011 ; Eisenberg, 2007 ; Karremans, Van Lange, & Holland, 2005 ; Vonk, Zeigler-Hill, Mayhew, & Mercer, 2013 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Lack of moral emotions such as guilt and shame might provide a possible reason for the observed maladaptive behaviour. A growing body of research supports the notion that individuals who are more inclined to ethical behaviours often show a lower threshold for experiencing guilt ( Cohen, Panter, & Turan, 2012 ; Katchadourian, 2010 ; Torstveit, Sütterlin, & Lugo, 2016 ). Moral emotions play a crucial role in deterring unethical and antisocial behaviour ( Olthof, 2012 ; Xu, Bègue, & Bushman, 2012 ).…”

Section: Narcissism and Moral Emotionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guilt and proneness to shame: Unethical behaviour in vulnerable and grandiose narcissism

et al. 2018

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Narcissists are described as individuals with dysfunctional personality traits such as lack of psychological awareness and empathy. Theories of ethical behaviour assume that unethical actions trigger moral emotions of guilt and shame. Currently, there is a lack of knowledge on moral emotions as dispositional traits and their potential influences on behaviour in individuals with narcissistic traits. The present study examined vulnerable and grandiose narcissism’s differences in the propensity to experience guilt and shame as a proneness, across a range of personal transgressions. Guilt proneness was measured by negative evaluation of unethical behaviour, and whether this evaluation could influence reparation of tendencies of unethical action in vulnerable and grandiose narcissism. Shame proneness was investigated by negative evaluation of the self, and then whether the previous tendency could affect unethical decision making and behaviour (e.g., hiding), in vulnerable and grandiose narcissism. Two hundred and sixteen participants responded to the Guilt and Shame Proneness Scale, the Narcissistic Personality Inventory Scale and the Hypersensitive Narcissism Scale in an online questionnaire. Findings indicate that grandiose narcissism was negatively associated with guilt proneness, and the relation between the vulnerable narcissism and guilt proneness was negative. Additionally, the results confirm a negative association between grandiose narcissism and shame proneness, especially related to the subscale ‘shame negative self-evaluation’. Furthermore, guilt and shame proneness explained 20% of the variance in vulnerable narcissism and 11% in grandiose narcissism. This research indicates that both vulnerable and grandiose narcissism have the tendency to make unethical decisions, and they are more likely to enact in unethical behaviour. These findings are relevant for the detection of narcissistic individual’s propensity to act unethically in social context.

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“…Furthermore they also concluded that increased feelings of guilt can explain greater subjective weight, rather than feelings of disgust, pride, or sadness. (Torstveit, Sütterlin, & Lugo, 2016) demonstrated how guilt proneness combined with empathy explained additional variance in prosocial behavior. The findings were that there are gender differences in guilt proneness explaining prosocial behaviour.…”

Section: Guiltmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethical Consumption and Happiness: Evidence from Pakistan

Khurshid

Siddiqui

2020

RBM

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Today's customers are ethically conscious and prefer those products that are ethically produced without using child labor and harm to animals and nature. This study shows various factors that affect ethical consumption and happiness. We proposed a model explaining effect of ethical purchase on happiness and onwards to repurchase intention. For this purpose this research adopted (Hwang & Kim, 2016) model of factors affecting happiness and repurchase intention and added variables such as ethical consumption, altruism and ethical obligation from . Using a questionnaire-based survey, the data were collected from 212 respondents to analyze their attitude towards ethical consumption and happiness. To analyze data and test the hypothesis, Structured Equation modeling, PLS algorithm and bootstapping were used. The results showed that guilt positively affects empathy. However, empathy does not affect ethical consumption. Narcissism positively affects self-actualization. While, Self-actualization negatively affect ethical consumption. Ethical obligation also inversely affect ethical consumption however the relationship seems to be insignificant. Surprisingly, Altruism and ethical consumption also seems to have a negative connection. Moreover, ethical consumers didn't draw happiness out of their purchase, however, happiness positively affected repurchase intention. The results of this study demonstrate the strong associations of the paths from happiness to repurchase intention, happiness to self-actualization, repurchase intention to happiness and self-actualization to happiness.

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Empathy, guilt proneness, and gender: Relative contributions to prosocial behaviour

Cited by 31 publications

References 23 publications

Guilt, Shame, Empathy, Self-Esteem, and Traumas: New Data for the Validation of the Interpersonal Guilt Rating Scale–15 Self-Report (IGRS-15s)

Guilt, Shame, Empathy, Self-Esteem, and Traumas: New Data for the Validation of the Interpersonal Guilt Rating Scale–15 Self-Report (IGRS-15s)

Guilt and proneness to shame: Unethical behaviour in vulnerable and grandiose narcissism

Ethical Consumption and Happiness: Evidence from Pakistan

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