Empathy present and future

Hall, Judith A.; Schwartz, Rachel

doi:10.1080/00224545.2018.1477442

Cited by 247 publications

(217 citation statements)

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“…In contemporary scientific approach, empathy is the major topic of social, developmental, and personality psychology as well as other disciplines, such as neuroscience, clinical psychology, psychotherapy, and various health professions [47]. Empathy is very complex and multidimensional phenomenon.…”

Section: A Contemporary Approach To Defining Empathymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The important quantitative review and conceptual analysis of empathy gave Hall and Schwartz [47] which used random selection method to analyze 393 studies published between 2001 and 2013, and 96 studies published in 2017. They found that empathy is most commonly seen as a multidimensional concept divisible into dimensions, facets, factors, types, subscales, substrates, processes, aspects, etc.…”

Section: A Contemporary Approach To Defining Empathymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hall and Schwartz [47] found that 78% of 393 empathy-related scientific studies published between 2001 and 2013 used one or more empathy measures: 80% of the instruments measured self-reported empathy, 12% measured empathy rated by someone else, and 7% measured rating of someone else's empathy. Total sum included 72 used measures.…”

Section: Measuring Empathymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They include paper-and-pencil measures. For the purposes of this paper we shall present four scales: one of the first self-report empathy measure, Hogan's Empathy Scale [9]; two most commonly used measures, Interpersonal Reactivity Index, and Empathy Quotient [47], as well as E-Questionnaire: Emotional Empathy Scale and Fantasy Scale [60] which is an example of self-report empathy measure developed in Croatia. There are other self-report empathy measures that are also important: Balanced Emotional Empathy Scale [96], Multidimensional Emotional Empathy Scale [97], Feeling and Thinking Scale [98], Basic Empathy Scale [99], Griffith Empathy Measure [100], Toronto Empathy Questionnaire [101] and Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy [102], which are also widely used [47].…”

Section: Measuring Empathymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Davis' Interpersonal reactivity index, IRI [105], though constructed in 1980, is by far the most widely and frequently used empathy measure until today [47]. Its popularity is attributable to several desirable qualities.…”

Section: Interpersonal Reactivity Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Empathy: Concepts, Theories and Neuroscientific Basis

Bošnjaković

Radionov²

2018

Alcoholism and psychiatry research

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Empathy is an important concept in contemporary psychology and neuroscience in which numerous authors are dedicated to research the phenomena. Most of them agree on the significance of empathy and its positive impact on interpersonal relationships, although certain negative aspects of empathy also exist. From psychological and biological point of view, empathy is an essential part of human survival and successful living in social groups. This paper introduces an overview of empathy, including history of concept starting with the notion of Einfühlung, as well as beginning of studying and defining empathy, contemporary approach, components of empathy and its evolutionary and neuroscience background, empathy measures, development of empathy through training, and finally, the other side of this generally positive concept regarding interpersonal relationships. We also gave notion to further research issues in this field.

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Section: A Contemporary Approach To Defining Empathymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Contemporary Approach To Defining Empathymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measuring Empathymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measuring Empathymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interpersonal Reactivity Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Empathy: Concepts, Theories and Neuroscientific Basis

Bošnjaković

Radionov²

2018

Alcoholism and psychiatry research

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Qualitative accounts from deliberate practice training for empathic communication among psychotherapy trainees

Nurse,

O'Shea,

Sheen

2024

Couns and Psychother Res

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BackgroundEmpathic communication is a key therapeutic skill in psychotherapy. However, questions regarding the most effective and suitable teaching methods to support development in this area remain. Preliminary evidence has supported deliberate practice (DP) as an emerging approach for enhancing therapeutic skills, such as empathic communication; however, little is understood about its acceptability from a trainee perspective.AimsEleven fourth‐year psychology undergraduate students were interviewed about their experience of receiving online group‐based DP training for empathic communication.Materials & MethodsReflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse interview transcripts.ResultsParticipants described observing improvements in their use of empathic communication, including attitudinal and behavioural changes and shifts in self‐awareness. Participants also described valuing self‐observation and the personalised, iterative nature of the DP model in supporting their learning. Nevertheless, DP was also experienced as challenging by some trainees, who reflected that it provoked initial feelings of uncertainty and anxiety.DiscussionThis study highlights that undergraduate students may benefit from group DP training that fosters psychological safety and seeks to mitigate potential challenges, can be customised to their individual skill level and is incorporated alongside other learning approaches.ConclusionFuture research is encouraged to build on these findings by examining the impact of DP on objective measures of empathic communication.

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Comparing perceived empathy and intervention strategies of an AI chatbot and human psychotherapists in online mental health support

Yonatan‐Leus,

Brukner

2024

Couns and Psychother Res

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BackgroundGiven the growing potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance therapeutic interventions and work with a large number of people, it is crucial to understand AI's differences, advantages and limitations compared with human therapists.MethodologyThis study compared an AI chatbot's and human psychotherapists' capabilities in responding to mental health enquiries in an online forum. One hundred and fifty questions from a Reddit forum, where qualified therapists provide mental health support, were selected. Each question received two responses: one from a human therapist and one generated by AI. These 300 responses were coded and compared based on empathy indices and psychological intervention types.ResultsThe results indicated that AI scored significantly higher in perspective‐taking (V = 12,957, p < .001, r = .53) and empathic concern (V = 17,400, p < .001, r = .60). AI was more likely to use supportive interventions (42.2% vs. 21.8%) and slightly more likely to aim for insight‐driven change (6.41% vs. 4.57%). In contrast, human therapists were more inclined to provide advice and information (47.84% vs. 39.81%), explore dysfunctional patterns (19.95% vs. 10.29%) and ask clarifying questions (4.09% vs. 0.97%). A chi‐squared test confirmed significant differences between the intervention types used by AI and human therapists (χ2[8, N = 300] = 67.80, p < .001).DiscussionThese findings highlight AI's potential for basic perceived empathic support, especially in administrative tasks and therapist training. However, the study's scope is limited to single interactions, without the consideration of the nuanced communication available to human therapists through speech, facial expressions and body language.

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Empathy present and future

Cited by 247 publications

References 100 publications

Empathy: Concepts, Theories and Neuroscientific Basis

Empathy: Concepts, Theories and Neuroscientific Basis

Qualitative accounts from deliberate practice training for empathic communication among psychotherapy trainees

Comparing perceived empathy and intervention strategies of an AI chatbot and human psychotherapists in online mental health support

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