“…Therefore, nurse researchers and educators directed their attention to cognitive and interpersonal processes of empathy. In the following decades, nursing studies discussed extensively the teaching and learning of empathic behaviors and skills (Clay, 1984;Cox, 1989;Fernald, 1995;Hills & Knowles, 1983;Hodges, 1991;Kalisch, 1971;Keefe, 1979;Kirk & Thomas, 1982;LaMonica, Carew, Winder, Haase, & Blanchard, 1976;Layton, 1979;Reynolds, 1987). Only recently have researchers and educators questioned the emphasis on the teaching and learning process of empathy (Baillie, 1995;Davis, 1990;Evans et al, 1998;Smyth, 1996).…”