Empatía médica en médicos que realizan el programa de formación médica especializada. Estudio comparativo intercultural en España

Delgado-Bolton, Roberto; San-Martín, Montserrat; Alcorta-Garza, Adelina; Vivanco, Luís

doi:10.1016/j.aprim.2015.10.005

Cited by 22 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…In physicians, punctuations observed for empathy and teamwork were slightly inferior than reported in previous studies with Latin American physicians-in-training (Delgado-Bolton et al, 2015; San Martín et al, 2016), but superior to those reported for lifelong learning (San Martín et al, 2016). Based on those differences, findings of this study are consistent with those reported in a previous cross-cultural study where the same specific elements of medical professionalism were compared between Spanish and Latin American physicians-in-training (San Martín et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

Professionalism and Occupational Well-Being: Similarities and Differences Among Latin American Health Professionals

2017

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Context: Empathy, teamwork, and lifelong learning are described as key elements of professionalism. The first recipients of their benefits are professionals themselves. Paradoxically, scarce studies have reported association between professionalism and occupational well-being. The main purpose of this study was to characterize the influence that empathy, teamwork, and lifelong learning, play in the occupational well-being of physicians and nurses working in Latin American healthcare institutions.Materials and Methods: The Jefferson Scale of Empathy, the Jefferson Scale of Attitudes toward Physician-Nurse Collaboration, the Jefferson Scale of Physicians Lifelong Learning, and the Scale of Collateral Effects (somatization, exhaustion, and work alienation), were administered to 522 physicians and nurses working in institutions of Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador, and Argentina. Internal reliability was calculated. Gender and discipline were used as explanatory variables in comparison analysis. Two-way analysis of variance was performed to examine differences due to the main effects of the gender, and discipline, and to determine possible combined effects. Correlation analysis was performed to measure associations between collateral effects and age, and between collateral effects and professionalism.Results: A total of 353 (68%) surveys were returned fully completed. Adequate reliability was confirmed in all instruments. No differences were found among countries for collateral effects. Correlation analysis confirmed in physicians an inverse association between empathy and collateral effects (P = -0.16; p < 0.05), and between collateral effects and lifelong learning (P = -0.18; p < 0.01). In nurses, this association was confirmed only for empathy (P = -0.19; p < 0.05). Important differences in the development of professionalism and in its effects on occupational well-being appeared associated to inter-professional collaboration and work roles. An inverse correlation between age and collateral effects was confirmed in physicians (P = -0.22; p < 0.001) and in nurses (P = -28; p < 0.001). Comparison by gender confirmed higher somatization in women physicians and nurses than in men groups (p < 0.001). On the other hand, comparison by discipline confirmed higher exhaustion and alienation in physicians than in nurses (p < 0.01).Conclusion: The findings support the importance that empathy, teamwork, and lifelong learning have in practitioners’ health and welfare, and the role that cultural behaviors, associated to work professional models and social stereotypes, play in the interaction between professionalism and occupational well-being.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

Professionalism and Occupational Well-Being: Similarities and Differences Among Latin American Health Professionals

2017

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“…This explanation is not consistent with the studies that found that overall empathy did not decline, or with the results obtained in this study. 12,23,33 As a result, such suffering (which is real) is a necessary but insufficient condition to generate the empathic erosion process. However, this does not deny the fact that compassion may decline or become eroded because of the "personal adjustment" mentioned above.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…24,[26][27][28][29][30] Empathy is not merely the mechanical connection of three components but the product of how the dialectical interaction occurs among these components, 10 and is the result of the evolutionary and ontogenetic development of subjects 31,32 who interact with environmental factors. 10,[33][34][35] As a consequence, dissecting the concept of empathy has a strictly analytical purpose. The CC component is associated with the emotional plane of subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Erosion of empathy during medical training by gender. A cross-sectional study

et al. 2017

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Introduction. Empathy erosion may be defined as a sudden decline in the levels of empathy that occurs as of the third year of medical school and continues until the fifth year. According to some authors, this process is normal during medical training and may be considered a model of empathic behavior. The objective of this study was to verify whether empathy erosion is a general phenomenon in the schools of medicine included in the study and its relation to gender. Design. Exploratory, cross-sectional study. Population. Students from first through sixth year of the School of Medicine of Universidad del Azuay (Cuenca, Ecuador) and from first through fifth year of the School of Medicine of Corporación Universitaria Rafael Nuñez (Colombia). Material and methods. The levels of overall empathy and of each component were estimated using the Jefferson Scale of Empathy, which was administered in both schools during July and August of 2016. The significance level was established at α < 0.05. Results. Universidad del Azuay: n= 278 (98% of all students); women= 112; men= 166; Corporación Universitaria Rafael Nuñez: n= 756 (77.86% of all students); women= 434; men= 322. The model of erosion of empathy is not fulfilled at the level of overall empathy or of each studied component according to gender. Conclusions. Empathy erosion is a specific element of several different models of empathic response (and of its components). Men and women do not have the same empathic response. Such response, in the studied conditions, is variable.

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“…24,[26][27][28][29][30] La empatía no es una unión mecánica de tres componentes, sino el producto de la forma en que se desarrolla la interacción dialéctica entre esos componentes 10 y es el resultado del desarrollo evolutivo y ontogenético del sujeto 31,32 en interacción con los factores ambientales. 10,[33][34][35] Como consecuencia, la disección del concepto de empatía tiene un objeto estrictamente analítico. El componente CC se asocia a la esfera emotiva o emocional del sujeto.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Tal explicación tampoco es consistente con aquellos estudios en los que la empatía general no declinó y tampoco lo es con los resultados obtenidos en este trabajo. 12,23,33 Como consecuencia, dicho sufrimiento (que es real) es una condición necesaria, pero no suficiente, para generar el proceso de erosión empática. Sin embargo, esto no niega el hecho de que la compasión pueda reducirse o erosionarse a causa del "ajuste personal" antes nombrado.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Erosión empática durante la formación médica según el género. Estudio transversal

2017

Arch Argent Pediat

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Empatía médica en médicos que realizan el programa de formación médica especializada. Estudio comparativo intercultural en España

Abstract: Some factors involved in the development of empathy that are sensitive to cultural influence have been characterised. The development of future research areas is suggested.

Cited by 22 publications

References 21 publications

Professionalism and Occupational Well-Being: Similarities and Differences Among Latin American Health Professionals

Professionalism and Occupational Well-Being: Similarities and Differences Among Latin American Health Professionals

Erosion of empathy during medical training by gender. A cross-sectional study

Erosión empática durante la formación médica según el género. Estudio transversal

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