Emphysematous pyelonephritis in a domestic shorthair cat

Gould, Emily; Cohen, Todd A; Trivedi, Sameer R; Kim, James Y

doi:10.1177/1098612x15600481

Cited by 6 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The diagnosis remains challenging and information in the literature is limited to a small number of case reports. 68,69…”

Section: Clinical Signsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The diagnosis remains challenging and information in the literature is limited to a small number of case reports. 68,69 Acute pyelo nephritis may be associated with distinct clinical signs such as fever and painful kidneys, as well as anorexia, lethargy, polyuria and polydipsia, vomiting and diarrhoea. 70 According to one study of 17 histopathologically confirmed cases of pyelonephritis, the most common clinical signs were non-specific, such as anorexia, lethargy and vomiting; 71 renal pain and pyrexia were only observed in 3/17 and 2/17 cats, respectively.…”

Section: Upper Utimentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Urinary tract infection and subclinical bacteriuria in cats: A clinical update

Dorsch¹,

Teichmann-Knorrn²,

Lund

2019

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Practical relevance: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is an important cause of feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD), particularly in female cats older than 10 years of age. In addition to cats with typical clinical signs of FLUTD or upper UTI, many cats have subclinical bacteriuria, but the clinical relevance of this is currently uncertain. UTIs are one of the most important indications for antimicrobial use in veterinary medicine and contribute to the development of antimicrobial resistance. Adherence to treatment guidelines and confinement to a few first-line antimicrobial agents is imperative to avoid further deterioration of the antimicrobial resistance situation. The decision to treat with antimicrobials should be based on the presence of clinical signs, and/or concurrent diseases, and the results of urine culture and susceptibility testing. Clinical challenges: Distinguishing between cats with bacterial cystitis, and those with idiopathic cystitis and concurrent clinical or subclinical bacteriuria, is challenging, as clinical signs and urinalysis results may be identical. Optimal treatment of subclinical bacteriuria requires clarification as there is currently no evidence that demonstrates a beneficial effect of routine treatment. Management of recurrent UTIs remains a challenge as evidence for most alternatives used for prevention in cats is mainly anecdotal, and no preventive treatment modality is currently recommended. Evidence base: This review draws on an extensive literature base in veterinary and human medicine, including the recently updated guidelines of the International Society for Companion Animal Infectious Diseases for the diagnosis and management of bacterial urinary tract infections in dogs and cats. Where published evidence is lacking, the authors describe their own approach; notably, for the bacteriuric cat with chronic kidney disease.

show abstract

“…The diagnosis remains challenging and information in the literature is limited to a small number of case reports. 68,69…”

Section: Clinical Signsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Upper Utimentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary tract infection and subclinical bacteriuria in cats: A clinical update

Dorsch¹,

Teichmann-Knorrn²,

Lund

2019

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Patients may be asymptomatic or showing signs associated to their underlying diseases. It should be taken into consideration that EP and peritonitis have been reported as consequences of EC in dogs, cats, and humans,1,7,8,12,16 and in human medicine, a case of severe sepsis secondary to EC has been described 18. Early detection of EC is therefore of utter importance; therefore, greater attention is required on the presence of risk factors for EC.…”

Section: Clinical Signs and Laboratory Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Antibiogram should then be performed, in order to implement effective antibiotic therapy. In the reported cases of EC in veterinary medicine, cultures have been achieved from samples collected via cystocentesis, sterile catheterization or, in few cases, by mid-stream voiding 4,5,7–9,12–14,16. Cystocentesis is a simple but invasive form of paracentesis used to obtain sterile urine samples; it has been reported that in some cases, a few bubbles of air entrapped in the wall bladder can be detected after this procedure 17.…”

Section: Clinical Signs and Laboratory Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In humans, CT is the recommended imaging modality of choice for diagnosis, monitoring and prognosis of EC and emphysematous UTIs in general, having a reported sensitivity and specificity as high as 100% 1,2,10,11,16. CT can better define the extent and severity of disease and detect mild cases as well as rule out other causes of urinary gas such as vesicocolic fistulas 8,22.…”

Section: Diagnostic Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

<p>Emphysematous cystitis: review of current literature, diagnosis and management challenges</p>

Fumeo

Manfredi

Volta

2019

VMRR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Emphysematous cystitis (EC) is a rare disease in human as well as in veterinary medicine; in both it is defined as an uncommon form of complicated urinary tract infection (UTI), characterized by the presence of gas within the bladder wall and lumen. While female dogs are at increased risk of developing an UTI, patients with EC are not subject to gender or age predisposition and may present with variable clinical manifestations. Diabetes mellitus (DM) appears as the most common risk factor for the development of EC, but many other underlying conditions have been mentioned in literature and should be taken into consideration. In case of EC, Escherichia coli appears to be the most common pathogen isolated from urine cultures. A conclusive diagnosis of EC requires necessarily the recourse to imaging methods, such as abdominal radiography and ultrasonography. An early diagnosis and appropriate medical therapy, consisting in protracted antibiotic treatment associated with control over underlying diseases, could lead to avoid surgical intervention.

show abstract

Medical management of feline emphysematous hepatitis—A case report

Palko,

Durkan

2023

Clinical Case Reports

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A 9-year-old male castrated domestic shorthair feline was presented to the emergency department with a chief complaint of constipation of 3-day duration, decreased urination of 1-day duration, vomiting, and hind limb weakness. Physical examination abnormalities included hypothermia, dehydration, and generalized paresis with inability to stand for a prolonged period of time. Abdominal ultrasonography showed pinpoint hyperechoic foci throughout the hepatic parenchyma, small gas foci circulating within the portal vasculature consistent with emphysematous hepatitis, and mild volume of ascites. Cytology of the ascites was consistent with inflammatory effusion. Hepatic cytology was consistent with mixed inflammation/hepatitis with no apparent cause for inflammation noted. Urine culture yielded a negative result. Surgical liver biopsy and culture were declined by the patient's family. Ultrasound changes were presumed to be most likely secondary to an ascending infection.

show abstract

Emphysematous pyelonephritis in a domestic shorthair cat

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

Urinary tract infection and subclinical bacteriuria in cats: A clinical update

Urinary tract infection and subclinical bacteriuria in cats: A clinical update

<p>Emphysematous cystitis: review of current literature, diagnosis and management challenges</p>

Medical management of feline emphysematous hepatitis—A case report

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About