Emphysematous pyometra secondary to Enterococcus avium infection in a dog

Abstract

A 5-year-old female intact Mastiff dog was presented with a history of vaginal discharge for 1 day. Physical examination revealed a sanguineo-purulent vaginal discharge and systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Abdominal radiographs showed several dilated and gas- filled tubular loops. The differential diagnoses included emphysematous pyometra or small intestinal mechanical ileus. Surgical exploration of the abdomen demonstrated a severely dilated and gas-filled uterus, and emphysematous pyometra was confirmed. The patient's clinical signs resolved after ovariohysterectomy. Histopathology revealed mild endometrial cystic hyperplasia with infiltration of inflammatory cells in the superficial endometrial epithelia. Enterococcus avium, an α-hemolytic gram-positive coccus, was isolated from the uterus. This paper highlights the radiographic features of emphysematous pyometra and a pathogen that has never been reported to be associated with canine pyometra previously.

Emphysematous pyometra and emphysematous hepatitis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in a diabetic dog

“…Emphysematous pyometra is a rare uterine infection in dogs characterized by gas and fluid accumulation within the uterine lumen with or without associated endometrial pneumatosis due to gas‐producing bacteria. Only six cases have been previously reported, involving various bacteria 4–9 . This report presents the first described case of emphysematous pyometra linked to Klebsiella pneumoniae , a facultatively anaerobic Gram‐negative bacterium.…”

“…11 The radiographic findings of emphysematous pyometra have been described in previous reports. [4][5][6][7][8][9] This condition is characterized by the presence of tubular structures with gas-opaque content commonly located in the right and/or left abdomen, where the uterine horns are found, and in the caudal abdomen near the cervix. These gas-filled structures may not always be symmetrically distributed and can be mistaken for dilated bowels.…”

“…Only six cases have been previously reported, involving various bacteria. [4][5][6][7][8][9] This report presents the first described case of emphysematous pyometra linked to Klebsiella pneumoniae, a facultatively anaerobic Gram-negative bacterium. This pathogen, known for causing pneumonia, urinary tract infections, nonemphysematous pyometra, and bloodstream infection in companion animals, 10 can develop antibiotic resistance and increase the potential severity of a zoonotic infection.…”

A Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Impact of a Novel Probiotic and Nutraceutical Supplement on Pruritic Dermatitis and the Gut Microbiota in Privately Owned Dogs

“…Over the course of the study, dogs on the PNB saw a stark decrease in the abundance of species in the Proteobacteria phylum, some of which are known pathogens in both dogs and humans, including P. mirabilis [115], C. freundii [116], and K. pneumoniae [117,118], as well as a decrease in other presumed canine pathogens such as Enterococcus avium [119]. On the contrary, increased abundances of possibly pathogenic Proteobacteria species [117] were observed in the PBO group.…”

A Unique Case of Emphysematous Pyometra and Uterine Adenocarcinoma Co-Incidence in a Doberman Female Dog

“…Diagnostic evaluation continues to be ultrasonography and radiographic examination [8,17]. Leucocytosis with a predominant absolute neutrophilia, lymphopenia, and monocytosis were consistent findings in emphysematous pyometra [13]. Along with pyometra, uterine adenocarcinoma is a concommittent finding and is considered to be a rare condition seen in female dogs.…”