Empirical Approach to Evaluating the Tornado Fragility of Residential Structures

Roueche, David B.; Lombardo, Franklin T.; Prevatt, David O.

doi:10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0001854

Cited by 37 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 43 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Continued studies on the impacts of different methods of simulating tornadoes, (e.g., Gillmeier et al, 2016;Kopp and Wu, 2017;Gairola and Bitsuamlak, 2019), will be important to understanding the current study and others like it in the proper context. Efforts are also needed to continue developing new ways of incorporating full-scale field data or novel near-surface wind field characterization methods, (e.g., Roueche et al, 2017;Rhee and Lombardo, 2018;Wagner and Doe, 2018), more robustly into model-scale studies.…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tornado-Induced and Straight-Line Wind Loads on a Low-Rise Building With Consideration of Internal Pressure

Roueche

Prevatt

Haan

2020

Front. Built Environ.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tornado and straight-line wind events are often discussed and compared in terms of their intensity, e.g., maximum wind speed, however, it is unclear to what extent tornadoinduced and straight-line wind-induced wind loads are equivalent even for the same nominal intensity. This lack of understanding inhibits both tornado design philosophies and policies, and communication of tornado risk to the public. This study directly compares existing wind tunnel databases of tornado-induced and straight-line windinduced pressures, for a similar building model, to evaluate to what extent the induced surface pressures on a typical building differ. The existing datasets used in the study are enhanced with a numerical internal pressure model to facilitate the comparison across a range of opening configurations that would be common in typical buildings. The analysis finds that differences are most pronounced in the overall distribution of pressures across the building surface, and in the magnitudes of pressures in regions of strong flow separation. However, overall the magnitudes of the peak tornado-induced pressures are reasonably similar to straight-line wind-induced pressures, with tornadoinduced pressures on average 13% higher than equivalent straight-line wind-induced pressures. Ultimately, this study demonstrates a framework for such comparisons, while recognizing key sources of uncertainty and further research needs.

show abstract

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tornado-Induced and Straight-Line Wind Loads on a Low-Rise Building With Consideration of Internal Pressure

Roueche

Prevatt

Haan

2020

Front. Built Environ.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The V value was then evaluated at every structure that was generated within the simulation space. The DOD}as in the EF scale}for every structure was then simulated using empirical fragilities outlined in Roueche et al (2017). Fragilities are conditional on V (i.e., 10-m height; 3-s gust).…”

Section: ) Damage Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are numerous factors contributing to this uncertainty including a complex wind field (e.g., subvortices or vertical component), wind direction (angle of attack), aerodynamic characteristics of the structure (e.g., roof shape or internal pressure), debris impacts, and construction quality (e.g., connection details). Empirical fragility functions (Roueche et al 2017) can serve to quantify the variation in wind speed required to produce a given damage level (e.g., DOD) and inherently include these and other factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Approach for Assessing Misclassification of Tornado Characteristics Using Damage

Lombardo

Wienhoff

Rhee

et al. 2023

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tornado characteristics (e.g., frequency, intensity) are challenging to capture. Assessment of tornado characteristics typically requires damage as a proxy. The lack of validation in the Enhanced Fujita (EF) scale and the likelihood of rural tornadoes suggests that tornado characteristics are not accurately captured. This manuscript presents an approach to quantify the potential misclassification of tornado characteristics using Monte Carlo simulation for residential structures in rural areas. An analytical tornado wind field model coupled with fragility curves generates degrees of damage (i.e., DOD) from the EF scale in a wind speed to damage approach. The simulated DODs are then used to derive damage to wind speed relationships built from the National Weather Service Damage Assessment Toolkit (NWS DAT). Comparisons are then made between the simulated tornado characteristics and those derived from damage. Results from the simulations show a substantial proportion of tornadoes were ‘missed’ and path width and path length on average are underestimated. An EF4 rating based on damage is favored for EF3 to EF5 simulated tornadoes. A linear regression was utilized and determined damagebased wind speeds of different percentiles, damage length, damage width and the number of structures rated at a particular DOD were important for prediction. The distribution of DODs was also used to predict wind speed and the associated intensity rating. These methods were tested on actual tornado cases. Tornadoes that have the same damage-based peak wind speed can be objectively assessed to determine differences in overall intensity. The results also raise questions about the level of confidence when assessing wind speed based on damage.

show abstract

“…Only a few studies in recent years have attempted to exploit this performancebased approach for nonstationary windstorms and nearly all are exclusive for tornadic wind loads (Amini and Lindt, 2014;Koliou et al, 2017;Roueche et al, 2017;Bezabeh et al, 2018;Masoomi et al, 2018;Maloney et al, 2018;Memari et al, 2018;Wang et al, 2018c;Braik Abdullah et al, 2019). Furthermore, many of these studies, particularly the numerical ones that are not supplemented with wind tunnel experimentation, use traditional methods that inherently assume straight-line winds (ASCE, 2017) for computational efficiency and simplicity.…”

Section: Pbwe For Nonstationary Windsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A.10. The derivation of this distribution for P f is very relevant as it can be related to the epistemic uncertainties that stem from the modeling of fragilities, which is an important source of stochasticity in PBTE (Roueche et al, 2017), and the subsequent analyses associated with these quantities. The selection of a normal distribution is specific to the current application (Monte Carlo sampling, bootstrapping) and…”

Section: A61 Probabilities Of Limit State Failurementioning

confidence: 99%

Performance-based wind engineering framework for vertical structures subjected to nonstationary wind loads

Le¹

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Regarded as a rational analytical approach that enables more risk-informed decision making, performance-based engineering (PBE) has been widely endorsed by the wind engineering community for the design and analysis of vibrationsensitive structures such as tall buildings. Accomplished through modular stages that delineate a structure's capacity to satisfy performance objectives, the uncertainties, error propagation, and random properties of the structural system, the environmental hazard, and the estimation of losses incurred from damages can be systematically examined with great detail. This multi-faceted, holistic approach vi Robert W. Bordewieck Endowed Engineering Fund provided by the College of Engineering of Northeastern University are gratefully acknowledged. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations are those of the Author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF, MathWorks Inc.

show abstract

Empirical Approach to Evaluating the Tornado Fragility of Residential Structures

Cited by 37 publications

References 43 publications

Tornado-Induced and Straight-Line Wind Loads on a Low-Rise Building With Consideration of Internal Pressure

Tornado-Induced and Straight-Line Wind Loads on a Low-Rise Building With Consideration of Internal Pressure

An Approach for Assessing Misclassification of Tornado Characteristics Using Damage

Performance-based wind engineering framework for vertical structures subjected to nonstationary wind loads

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About