Empirical correlations for the solubility of pressurant gases in cryogenic propellants

Zimmerli, Gregory A.; Asipauskas, Marius; Dresar, Neil T. Van

doi:10.1016/j.cryogenics.2010.02.010

Cited by 22 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The actual solubility of the noncondensable gases at 90 K in the atmospheric pressure is absolutely less than 0.01: The molar fraction of the nitrogen gas is the order of 10 23 while that of the helium gas is 10 26 , according to the solubility correlation form that has been recently reported by Zimmeri et al [20]. Therefore, the indication that the influence of those noncondensable gases is negligible would be more credible considering the present concentration being set too higher than the actual dissolution.…”

Section: Molecular Simulation 323mentioning

confidence: 98%

A molecular dynamics analysis of homogeneous bubble nucleation with a noncondensable gas in cryogenic cavitation inception

Tsuda

Hirata

Tanaka

2013

Molecular Simulation

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In this paper, homogeneous bubble nucleation in liquid oxygen (as one of the cryogenic fluids) with a noncondensable gas of nitrogen or that of helium was investigated using molecular dynamics method employing a fitted Lennard-Jones potential. We evaluated the influence of nitrogen gas and helium gas on the SATuration line (SAT) and the spinodal line as the thermodynamic limit of stability (TLS), and on the kinetic limit of stability (KLS) defined from a bubble nucleation rate. As a result, it was obtained that the influence of the noncondensable gases on the SAT and the TLS was negligible at molar fraction less than 1% although helium gas had several times stronger action to decrease the KLS compared with nitrogen gas. On the other hand, it was also indicated that the actual influence of both noncondensable gases on the cavitation inception in liquid oxygen might be negligible at least at standard conditions where the fluid starts to flow around or less than the atmospheric pressure.

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Section: Molecular Simulation 323mentioning

confidence: 98%

A molecular dynamics analysis of homogeneous bubble nucleation with a noncondensable gas in cryogenic cavitation inception

Tsuda

Hirata

Tanaka

2013

Molecular Simulation

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“…Therefore autogenous pressurization may be insufficient to sustain high outflow rates for prolonged periods of time. Meanwhile, pressurization with a noncondensable gas, such as helium, results in less heat and mass transfer at the LAD screen during outflow and also incurs less dissolution [9] in all major cryogenic propellants. Helium pressurization is likely sufficient to sustain all anticipated outflow rates [10].…”

Section: Pressurization System/lad System Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Warm Pressurant Gas Effects on the Static Bubble Point Pressure for Cryogenic LADs

Hartwig

McQuillen²,

Chato³

2014

50th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference

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This paper presents experimental results for the liquid hydrogen and nitrogen bubble point tests using warm pressurant gases conducted at the NASA Glenn Research Center. The purpose of the test series was to determine the effect of elevating the temperature of the pressurant gas on the performance of a liquid acquisition device (LAD). Three fine mesh screen samples (325x2300, 450x2750, 510x3600) were tested in liquid hydrogen and liquid nitrogen using cold and warm non-condensable (gaseous helium) and condensable (gaseous hydrogen or nitrogen) pressurization schemes. Gases were conditioned from 0K -90K above the liquid temperature. Results clearly indicate degradation in bubble point pressure using warm gas, with a greater reduction in performance using condensable over non-condensable pressurization. Degradation in the bubble point pressure is inversely proportional to screen porosity, as the coarsest mesh demonstrated the highest degradation. Results here have implication on both pressurization and LAD system design for all future cryogenic propulsion systems. A detailed review of historical heated gas tests is also presented for comparison to current results. Nomenclatured shute = Diameter of the shute wire [μm] d warp = Diameter of the wap wire [μm] D p = Effective pore diameter [μm] g = Gravitational acceleration [m/s 2 ] HEX = Heat exchanger LL = Liquid Level above LAD screen [m] l s = Distance between consecutive shute wires [μm] n shute = Number of shute wires per inch of screen [1/m] n warp = Number of warp wires per inch of screen [1/m] PCA = Pressure control assembly t = Screen thickness [μm] ΔP BP = Bubble point pressure [Pa] ΔT = Temperature difference between liquid and pressurant gas [K] ε = Porosity γ = Surface tension [mN/m] ρ LH2 = Liquid hydrogen density [kg/m 3 ] θ c = Contact angle [degrees]

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“…Therefore autogenous pressurization may be insufficient to sustain high outflow rates for prolonged periods of time. Meanwhile, pressurization with a noncondensible gas, such as helium, results in less heat and mass transfer at the LAD screen during outflow and also incurs less dissolution in all major cryogenic propellants [9]. Helium pressurization is likely sufficient to sustain all anticipated outflow rates [10].…”

Section: Pressurization System/lad System Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Warm Pressurization Gas Effects on the Liquid Hydrogen Bubble Point

Hartwig

McQuillen

Chato

2013

49th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference

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This paper presents experimental results for the liquid hydrogen bubble point tests using warm pressurant gases conducted at the Cryogenic Components Cell 7 facility at the NASA Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio. The purpose of the test series was to determine the effect of elevating the temperature of the pressurant gas on the performance of a liquid acquisition device. Three fine mesh screen samples (325x2300, 450x2750, 510x3600) were tested in liquid hydrogen using cold and warm noncondensible (gaseous helium) and condensable (gaseous hydrogen) pressurization schemes. Gases were conditioned from 0K -90K above the liquid temperature. Results clearly indicate a degradation in bubble point pressure using warm gas, with a greater reduction in performance using condensable over noncondensible pressurization. Degradation in the bubble point pressure is inversely proportional to screen porosity, as the coarsest mesh demonstrated the highest degradation. Results here have implication on both pressurization and LAD system design for all future cryogenic propulsion systems. A detailed review of historical heated gas tests is also presented for comparison to current results. Nomenclatured shute = Diameter of the shute wire [μm] d warp = Diameter of the wap wire [μm] D p = Effective pore diameter [μm] g = Gravitational acceleration [m/s 2 ] HEX = Heat exchanger LL = Liquid Level above LAD screen [m] l s = Distance between consecutive shute wires [μm] n shute = Number of shute wires per inch of screen [1/m] n warp = Number of warp wires per inch of screen [1/m] PCA = Pressure control t = Screen thickness [μm] ΔP BP = Bubble point pressure [Pa] ΔT = Temperature difference between liquid and pressurant gas [K] ε = Porosity γ = Surface tension [mN/m] 2 ρ LH2 = Liquid hydrogen density [kg/m 3 ] θ c = Contact angle [degrees]

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Empirical correlations for the solubility of pressurant gases in cryogenic propellants

Cited by 22 publications

References 16 publications

A molecular dynamics analysis of homogeneous bubble nucleation with a noncondensable gas in cryogenic cavitation inception

A molecular dynamics analysis of homogeneous bubble nucleation with a noncondensable gas in cryogenic cavitation inception

Warm Pressurant Gas Effects on the Static Bubble Point Pressure for Cryogenic LADs

Warm Pressurization Gas Effects on the Liquid Hydrogen Bubble Point

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