Empirical evaluation of axioms fundamental to Stevens’s ratio-scaling approach: I. Loudness production

Ellermeier, Wolfgang; Faulhammer, GÜnther

doi:10.3758/bf03212151

Cited by 82 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Compared to direct scaling methods such as categorical scaling or magnitude estimation, the indirect approach has two major advantages: (1) The participant can focus on the stimuli's perceptual properties, because it is not directly involved in the actual scaling. (2) At test participant's capability of scaling is not required [15]. Furthermore, the actual decision strategies can be modeled by using probabilistic choice models.…”

Section: Paired Comparison Methods and Probabilistic Choice Models Formentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of tone length and S/N-ratio on the perception of tonal content: An application of probabilistic choice models in car acoustics

Hansen

Weber

2008

Acoust. Sci. & Tech.

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The rating of tonal content is not just a prevalent issue in the context of sound design but also in annoyance/noise problems. Two physical parameters influencing the evaluated tonal content are tone length and S/N-ratio. In order to integrate these parameters into a reliable, objective measure of the perceived tonal content of interior car noises the following experiments were conducted: Realistic ''howling,'' i.e. the tonal content, in interior car noise were presented with variations in tone length and S/N ratio. Thirteen stimuli were judged by 41 subjects in a complete pair comparison. It was shown that subjective judgments can be modeled by probabilistic choice models quite well. An one-dimensional choice model, i.e. the BTL model, must be rejected in favor of a more general elimination-by-aspect model. The results are the following: (1) The subject's decision aspects are identified by modeling the choice behavior: A non-howling aspect describes the sound evoking a sensation not described by the howling adjective and a pitch-salience aspect indicates the equivalent S/N-ratio of a tonal component. No subjective duration aspect was found. (2) The log-ratio scale obtained yields a constant factor for doubling the length in an interval from 250 ms to 2,000 ms with equal level as well as a constant factor for each increase by 3 dB. Furthermore, the tonal content conception and implications thereof are introduced and discussed.

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Section: Paired Comparison Methods and Probabilistic Choice Models Formentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of tone length and S/N-ratio on the perception of tonal content: An application of probabilistic choice models in car acoustics

Hansen

Weber

2008

Acoust. Sci. & Tech.

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“…W(1) ≠ 1: Steingrimsson and Luce (2007) focused on the form of the weighting function, and one of their important realizations was that it is wrong to assume that W(1) 0 1, which others, and we, initially, had done. That assumption led to some incorrect inferences (Ellermeier & Faulhammer, 2000;Narens, 1996;Zimmer, 2005), among the most imporant of which was that magnitude production led to data measured only on a subscale of a ratio scale.…”

Section: A Theory Of Nemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictions from a model of global psychophysics about differences between perceptual and physical matches

Steingrimsson

Luce

2012

Atten Percept Psychophys

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A well-known phenomenon is that "matched" successive signals do not result in physical identity. This phenomenon has mostly been studied in terms of how much the second of two signals varies from the first, which is called the time-order error (TOE). Here, theoretical predictions led us to study the more general question of how much the matching signal differs from the standard signal, independent of the position of the matching signal as the first or second in a presentation. This we call non-equal matches (NEM). Using Luce's (Psychological Review, 109, 520-532, 2002, Psychological Review, 111, 446-454, 2004, Psychological Review, 115, 601, 2008, Psychological Review, 119, 373-387, 2012 global psychophysical theory, we predicted NEM when an intensity z is perceived to be "1 times a standard signal x." The theory predicts two different types of individual behaviors for the NEM, and these predictions were evaluated and confirmed in an experiment. We showed that the traditional definition of TOE precludes the observation, and thus the study, of the NEM phenomenon, and that the NEM effect is substantial enough to alter conclusions based on data that it affects. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the custom of averaging data over individuals clearly leads to quite misleading results. An important parameter in this modeling is a reference point that plays a central role in creating variability in the data, so that the key to obtaining regular data from respondents is to stabilize the reference point.Keywords Audition . Loudness . Weighting function . 2IFC . 2AFC . Matching . Method of adjustment . Non-equal matches . Time-order error . Mathematical modelingThe time-order error, or TOE, is reported by Stevens (1975) as a "constant error discovered long ago by Fechner . . .[where] on average the second of two equal stimuli tends to be judged greater than the first" (p. 139). For additional remarks on the TOE, see Appendix A.Hellström (2003) lamented how relatively little work had been carried out on the TOE phenomenon. Indeed, we were quite surprised to realize how dramatic these effects can be, and so we second Hellström's (2003) sentiment, adding that these effects are probably only ignored at the peril of arriving at erroneous conclusions. We came to realize that both the definition of the TOE and the prevailing practice of averaging over individual data has precluded the study of a much more fundamental phenomenon: When a respondent provides a perceptual "match" between two successively presented signals differing in intensity only, in general, the signals are not physically identical. We call this general phenomenon non-equal matches (NEM).Let x denote the signal that is presented as a standard that is to be matched, and let z denote the matching signal. Any respondent-selected signal is written in boldface (to emphasize that it is a random variable). With any method of matching, the standard x can be in either the temporally first or second interval. When it is first and z is presented second, we write ...

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“…Luce (2012b) showed that when applied to eqisections and fractionation that the conjecture implies that the function W in the production representation (2) is the identity function. That W is the identity function is firmly rejected by existing data (Ellermeier & Faulhammer, 2000;Steingrimsson & Luce, 2005b;Steingrimsson, 2011Steingrimsson, , 2012cZimmer, 2005). Yet, direct evaluations of the conjecture have produced mixed results, some favoring it and others rejecting it.…”

Section: Torgerson's (1961) Conjecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Empirical and Theoretical Studies of Psychophysical Phenomena

Luce¹,

Steingrimsson²

2013

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Empirical evaluation of axioms fundamental to Stevens’s ratio-scaling approach: I. Loudness production

Cited by 82 publications

References 29 publications

The influence of tone length and S/N-ratio on the perception of tonal content: An application of probabilistic choice models in car acoustics

The influence of tone length and S/N-ratio on the perception of tonal content: An application of probabilistic choice models in car acoustics

Predictions from a model of global psychophysics about differences between perceptual and physical matches

Empirical and Theoretical Studies of Psychophysical Phenomena

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