26th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology 2020
DOI: 10.1145/3385956.3418962
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Empirical Evaluation of Gaze-enhanced Menus in Virtual Reality

Abstract: Many user interfaces involve attention shifts between primary and secondary tasks, e.g., when changing a mode in a menu, which detracts the user from their main task. In this work, we investigate how eye gaze input affords exploiting the attention shifts to enhance the interaction with handheld menus. We assess three techniques for menu selection: dwell time, gaze button, and cursor. Each represents a different multimodal balance between gaze and manual input. We present a user study that compares the techniqu… Show more

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Cited by 39 publications
(13 citation statements)
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“…Adjustable and cascading dwell-times allow to adapt to user expertise and increase performance over time [24,28]. The technique is often employed in studies as a baseline of an eyes only input technique [9,18,33,40]. For example, Feng et al have recently studied a head-and gaze-based typing interface through setting it in contrast to a 600𝑚𝑠 dwell-time technique [9].…”
Section: Gaze-based Text Entrymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Adjustable and cascading dwell-times allow to adapt to user expertise and increase performance over time [24,28]. The technique is often employed in studies as a baseline of an eyes only input technique [9,18,33,40]. For example, Feng et al have recently studied a head-and gaze-based typing interface through setting it in contrast to a 600𝑚𝑠 dwell-time technique [9].…”
Section: Gaze-based Text Entrymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Gaze-only selection methods require the user to deviate from natural gaze behaviour to signal their intent and avoid Midas Touch, for example by using dwell time on a target [11,52], or by saccading from the target to a confirmation button [22,27]. Although successful for accessibility, such techniques are commonly experienced as uncomfortable and error-prone, in comparison with manual input [34,56]. The idea of Gaze-Hand Alignment is to take advantage of both modalities in tandem, and to make more natural use of gaze as a modality that implicitly guides manual pointing.…”
Section: Pointing In Gaze and Mid-air Interfacesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Recently, there has been intense research activity involving the use of eye-tracking in virtual reality. Pfeuffer et al (2020) evaluated the use of gaze for the selection of menu items in virtual environments. By nature, menus consist of few and uncluttered items, near the user sight.…”
Section: Eye Tracking Techniques In Virtual Realitymentioning
confidence: 99%