Empirical evidence from Bangladesh of assessing climate hazard-related loss and damage and state of adaptive capacity to address them

Bhowmik, Joy; Irfanullah, Haseeb Md.; Selim, Samiya Ahmed

doi:10.1016/j.crm.2021.100273

Cited by 25 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Internal migrants are ultimately the responsibility of the state, yet from a broader perspective, developing countries have contributed least to the emissions their citizens are now paying severely for. Therefore, this social and cultural loss should be taken into account in the global loss and damage discourse and include non-economic damage in the form of health and wellbeing impacts [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Risk Exchange: Health and Mobility in the Context of Climate and Environmental Change in Bangladesh—A Qualitative Study

Schwerdtle

Baernighausen

Karim

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Background: Climate change influences patterns of human mobility and health outcomes. While much of the climate change and migration discourse is invested in quantitative predictions and debates about whether migration is adaptive or maladaptive, less attention has been paid to the voices of the people moving in the context of climate change with a focus on their health and wellbeing. This qualitative research aims to amplify the voices of migrants themselves to add nuance to dominant migration narratives and to shed light on the real-life challenges migrants face in meeting their health needs in the context of climate change. Methods: We conducted 58 semi-structured in-depth interviews with migrants purposefully selected for having moved from rural Bhola, southern Bangladesh to an urban slum in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis under the philosophical underpinnings of phenomenology. Coding was conducted using NVivo Pro 12. Findings: We identified two overarching themes in the thematic analysis: Firstly, we identified the theme “A risk exchange: Exchanging climate change and health risks at origin and destination”. Rather than describing a “net positive” or “net negative” outcome in terms of migration in the context of climate change, migrants described an exchange of hazards, exposures, and vulnerabilities at origin with those at destination, which challenged their capacity to adapt. This theme included several sub-themes—income and employment factors, changing food environment, shelter and water sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) conditions, and social capital. The second overarching theme was “A changing health and healthcare environment”. This theme also included several sub-themes—changing physical and mental health status and a changing healthcare environment encompassing quality of care and barriers to accessing healthcare. Migrants described physical and mental health concerns and connected these experiences with their new environment. These two overarching themes were prevalent across the dataset, although each participant experienced and expressed them uniquely. Conclusion: Migrants who move in the context of climate change face a range of diverse health risks at the origin, en route, and at the destination. Migrating individuals, households, and communities undertake a risk exchange when they decide to move, which has diverse positive and negative consequences for their health and wellbeing. Along with changing health determinants is a changing healthcare environment where migrants face different choices, barriers, and quality of care. A more migrant-centric perspective as described in this paper could strengthen migration, climate, and health governance. Policymakers, urban planners, city corporations, and health practitioners should integrate the risk exchange into practice and policies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bangladeshi people are highly exposed to climate hazards and often lack income diversification options, land ownership, or insurances. Further, exposure to slow-onset climate hazards can erode resilience over time, making disaster more likely when climate hazards strike [17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Risk Exchange: Health and Mobility in the Context of Climate and Environmental Change in Bangladesh—A Qualitative Study

Schwerdtle

Baernighausen

Karim

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…The southwest coastal region of Bangladesh is mainly affected by tropical cyclones, storm surges, tidal surges, tidal floods, salinity intrusion, and sea-level rise ( Alam et al., 2018 ). Temperature extremes and heavy precipitation in this region increased during the 1991–2010 period compared to the 1960–1979 periods ( Bhowmik et al., 2021 ). High-intensity short-term rainfall has also been reported as another major climatic event by coastal communities of Bangladesh ( ICCCAD, 2019 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent literature shows that income diversification is an essential strategy for rural households to cope with disasters in arid and semiarid regions ( Wan et al., 2016 ). Agricultural change, livelihood diversification, and migration are examples of adaptation strategies ( Aryal et al., 2020 ) that can reduce people's vulnerabilities to adverse impacts of climate hazards and ensure sustainability ( Bhowmik et al., 2021 ). Therefore, diversifications are desirable policy objectives since they give households more options to improve livelihood security and raise their living standards.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does climate change stimulate household vulnerability and income diversity? Evidence from southern coastal region of Bangladesh

Jalal

Khan

Hossain

et al. 2021

Heliyon

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Bangladesh is one of the most climate-vulnerable countries globally, where the livelihood of agro-based dependent people became vulnerable due to different natural hazards, especially in the southern coastal part. This study investigates the influence of climate change on household vulnerability and income diversity, data collected from the climate-vulnerable coastal areas of Bangladesh. Both panel data regression and structural equation model were employed to examine the vulnerability status, whereas income diversity was measured through diversity index and “Type-66” livelihood strategy. Results reveal that sources of income have diversified over time. However, the study also reveals that climate change-especially the increase in salinity has affected crop production, resulting in increased income vulnerability of small and marginal farmers who are highly reliant on farm income. Moreover, findings reveal that climate change has influenced households to diversify into low-income sources that do not help to overcome their income vulnerability. Therefore, a cooperative land management system, establishment of embankment, training, and skill development programs are needed to generate feasible alternative income sources to improve the livelihood of coastal people.

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“…Hazard assessment was determined through scoring some criteria such as the probability of occurrence (Monirul Qader Mirza 2002), the severity of the damage (Afjal Bhowmik et al 2021), lean time of the effect (McGranahan et al 2007), and predictability of the hazards (Zaman and Mondal 2020) and coded each criterion with the numeric number (Table 1). Firstly, the codded score was summed up and then divided the total score by the total number of the criteria.…”

Section: Methods For Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of climate induced hazards risk for coastal Bangladesh: a participatory approach-based assessment

Faisal

Saha

Sattar

et al. 2021

Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk

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Bangladesh has been identified as one of the most susceptible countries to climate induced disasters. Geographical location of the country in the foothill of Himalayan system and in the mouth of north Bay of Bengal make it to experience frequent extreme environmental events such as flood, cyclone, draught, river erosion, sea level rise, salinity etc. The coastal region of Bangladesh is highly vulnerable to climate change and climate induced natural disasters. This study identifies the potential climate induced hazards, their vulnerability, capacity, associated risk and explores the potential strategies to reduce the disaster risk. This study was carried out in Uttar Bedkashi Union, Koyra Upazila under Khulna District in south west coastal region of Bangladesh. The information has been collected through individual level and key informant interview, focus group discussion, life history from local people to explore the context of the disaster risk and how they perceived it from their experiences. The study revealed that flooding as a result of high tide and salinity intrusion were the most prominent hazards followed by riverbank erosion and cyclone associated storm. Vulnerability assessment showed that cyclone associated storm surge was the major cause of vulnerabilities in the study area which followed by flooding and riverbank erosion. On the other hand, capacity assessment showed that community people have less capacity to deal with the multi-hazards risk. This study also revealed that riverbank erosion poses the highest risk in the study area followed by cyclone associated storm surge, flooding, and salinity intrusion. The study suggests some potential DRR strategy such as build disaster resilient house using indigenous and scientific knowledge, build or improve embankments, build or improve the communication roads, improve rain water harvesting system, provision of community-based health care center, create alternative and sustainable livelihood opportunity such as self-sustaining agriculture systems and further development of sustainable shrimp farming. The outcome of this study is expected to be useful for preparing an effective disaster risk mitigation plan by decision-makers. Further in-depth research on ARTICLE HISTORY

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Empirical evidence from Bangladesh of assessing climate hazard-related loss and damage and state of adaptive capacity to address them

Cited by 25 publications

References 52 publications

A Risk Exchange: Health and Mobility in the Context of Climate and Environmental Change in Bangladesh—A Qualitative Study

A Risk Exchange: Health and Mobility in the Context of Climate and Environmental Change in Bangladesh—A Qualitative Study

Does climate change stimulate household vulnerability and income diversity? Evidence from southern coastal region of Bangladesh

Evaluation of climate induced hazards risk for coastal Bangladesh: a participatory approach-based assessment

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