Empirical Evidence of Design-Related Bias in Studies of Diagnostic Tests

Lijmer, Jeroen G.; Mol, Ben Willem J.; Heisterkamp, S. H.; Bonsel, Gouke J.; Prins, Martin H.; Meulen, Jan van der; Bossuyt, Patrick M.

doi:10.1001/jama.282.11.1061

Cited by 1,637 publications

(1,258 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…First, we conducted a cohort type accuracy study with a random sample of preschoolers consecutively referred for suspected autism to four approved University Autism Clinics. This procedure should avoid the problem of selection bias (Lijmer et al 1999). Second, we conducted the method of a direct head-to-head comparison (Lijmer et al 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Imitation Assessment and Its Utility to the Diagnosis of Autism: Evidence from Consecutive Clinical Preschool Referrals for Suspected Autism

Vanvuchelen

Roeyers

Weerdt

2010

J Autism Dev Disord

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The present study sought to examine imitation difficulties as a risk factor for autism. Imitation aptitude was examined in 86 preschoolers suspected of autism (1.9-4.5 years) using the Preschool Imitation and Praxis Scale (PIPS). Differences between imitation, language, motor age-equivalents and nonverbal mental age were used to predict the diagnosis of autism. Multidisciplinary team diagnoses and ADOS-G classifications were used to differentiate children with autism spectrum disorders and non-spectrum developmental disorders. Two factors were found to be significantly associated with autism using simple logistic regression analyses: procedural imitation delay and receptive language delay. In a multivariable setting, only procedural imitation delay remained a significant predictor of autism. Results are new to the literature and require replications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This procedure should avoid the problem of selection bias (Lijmer et al 1999). Second, we conducted the method of a direct head-to-head comparison (Lijmer et al 1999). Autism features, imitation aptitude and developmental abilities were evaluated in the sample at the same time period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imitation Assessment and Its Utility to the Diagnosis of Autism: Evidence from Consecutive Clinical Preschool Referrals for Suspected Autism

Vanvuchelen

Roeyers

Weerdt

2010

J Autism Dev Disord

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“…Furthermore, case-control design, work-up bias and expectation bias, which are well-recognized causes of over-estimations of the diagnostic performance, were avoided in this study. 16,17 As a commercial price for the 50-mg tablet has not yet been determined, a formal cost analysis for the 50-mg tablet-based 13 C-UBT is not possible. Several estimates are, however, possible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A rapid, low‐dose, ¹³C‐urea tablet for the detection of Helicobacter pylori infection before and after treatment

Gatta

Vakil²,

Ricci

et al. 2003

Aliment Pharmacol Ther

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SUMMARYBackground: A new urea breath test (UBT) has been described which uses a tablet formulation of 13 C-urea with citric acid and allows breath sampling to be performed as early as 10 min after ingestion of the tablet. Aim: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of tablet-based 13 C-UBTs (50 and 100 mg 13 C-urea) before and after Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment, compared with an endoscopy gold standard and a conventional 13 C-UBT (75 mg 13 C-urea).Methods: Two hundred dyspeptic patients underwent endoscopy, followed by tablet-based 13 C-UBTs (50 and 100 mg 13 C-urea) and a conventional 13 C-UBT (75 mg 13 C-urea). H. pylori-infected patients were prescribed treatment and asked to return 4-6 weeks after the end of therapy for repeat endoscopy and 13 C-UBTs.Results: One hundred and thirteen patients were infected with H. pylori. The sensitivity and specificity of the conventional 13 C-UBT were both 100%; the sensitivity and specificity of the 100-mg tablet-based 13 C-UBT were 100% and 98.85%, respectively. For the 50-mg tablet-based 13 C-UBT, cut-off values of the difference over baseline of between 1.65 and 3.15 provided a sensitivity and specificity of 100%. At follow-up, the sensitivity and specificity of the conventional and 100-mg tablet-based 13 C-UBTs were both 100%. For the 50-mg tablet-based 13 C-UBT, cutoff values of the difference over baseline of between 1.49 and 1.56 gave a sensitivity and specificity of 100%. Conclusions: New 10-min 13 C-UBTs using tablet formulations of 13 C-urea with citric acid are reliable for the assessment of H. pylori status pre-and posttreatment.

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“…The DOR was used to discriminate the power of a test. In the case of 'zero entries', the DOR was calculated by adding 0.5 to all cells of the contingency tables 15 . Receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curves were calculated for several cut-off values of CL and FW to predict SPB at < 36 weeks.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of transvaginal sonography in recumbent and standing maternal positions to predict spontaneous preterm birth in singleton and twin pregnancies

Arabin

Roos

Kollen

et al. 2006

Ultrasound in Obstet & Gyne

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Empirical Evidence of Design-Related Bias in Studies of Diagnostic Tests

Abstract: These data provide empirical evidence that diagnostic studies with methodological shortcomings may overestimate the accuracy of a diagnostic test, particularly those including nonrepresentative patients or applying different reference standards.

Cited by 1,637 publications

References 35 publications

Imitation Assessment and Its Utility to the Diagnosis of Autism: Evidence from Consecutive Clinical Preschool Referrals for Suspected Autism

Imitation Assessment and Its Utility to the Diagnosis of Autism: Evidence from Consecutive Clinical Preschool Referrals for Suspected Autism

A rapid, low‐dose, ¹³C‐urea tablet for the detection of Helicobacter pylori infection before and after treatment

Comparison of transvaginal sonography in recumbent and standing maternal positions to predict spontaneous preterm birth in singleton and twin pregnancies

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Empirical Evidence of Design-Related Bias in Studies of Diagnostic Tests

Abstract: These data provide empirical evidence that diagnostic studies with methodological shortcomings may overestimate the accuracy of a diagnostic test, particularly those including nonrepresentative patients or applying different reference standards.

Cited by 1,637 publications

References 35 publications

Imitation Assessment and Its Utility to the Diagnosis of Autism: Evidence from Consecutive Clinical Preschool Referrals for Suspected Autism

Imitation Assessment and Its Utility to the Diagnosis of Autism: Evidence from Consecutive Clinical Preschool Referrals for Suspected Autism

A rapid, low‐dose, 13C‐urea tablet for the detection of Helicobacter pylori infection before and after treatment

Comparison of transvaginal sonography in recumbent and standing maternal positions to predict spontaneous preterm birth in singleton and twin pregnancies

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

A rapid, low‐dose, ¹³C‐urea tablet for the detection of Helicobacter pylori infection before and after treatment