Empirical Monetary Valuation of a Quality-Adjusted Life-Year in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Willingness-to-Pay Analysis

Bazarbashi, Shouki; Vol, Edward B. De; Maraiki, Fatma; Al‐Jedai, Ahmed; Ali, Ashraf; Alhammad, Ali; Aljuffali, Ibrahim A.; Iskedjian, Michaël

doi:10.1007/s41669-020-00211-0

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Demographic and work characteristics. Based on recent studies and theoretical considerations, 5,8,13 data were collected about the demographic characteristics of the school workers, including gender, age, marital status, profession, educational level, monthly income, number of dependants, private insurance ownership and incidence of chronic disease. The independent variables are described in Table 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 A limited number of studies has investigated willingness to pay (WTP) for health insurance in KSA. [5][6][7][8] Furthermore, none of these studies assessed employment-based health insurance. Therefore, this is the first study on the feasibility and acceptability of health care financing reform in the KSA, specifically the willingness of the public school workers to participate in employment-based health insurance and to investigate the WTP of those who were willing to participate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determinants of Willingness to pay for Employment-Based Health Insurance Among Governmental School Workers in Saudi Arabia

Alharbi

2021

INQUIRY

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School workers constitute the bulk of public workers in Saudi Arabia. Most of these workers seek public health care services through the Ministry of Health, which is characterised by an overloaded service. Consequently, the government is planning to introduce employment-based health insurance. However, government employees’ willingness to pay (WTP) for health insurance was not investigated. This study explores the feasibility and acceptability of employment-based health insurance by examining public school workers’ WTP. Methods: six hundred and twenty-second number participants from Riyadh city were interviewed from September to October 2020 using an online structured questionnaire. The contingent valuation method with a payment card was used to assess WTP among the participants. This study also determined the association between the willingness to participate and WTP for health insurance respondents’ demographic and socio-economic characteristics. Chi-square and multiple linear regression analyses were used to analyse the data. The majority (76%) with an average monthly mean of 77.9 Saudi Riyal (SAR) ($20.7) per capita. Male, had higher educated, and those diagnosed with chronic disease were more likely to report a willingness to participate and/or pay for health insurance ( P > .005). This study demonstrates that WTP for employment-based health insurance depends on workers’ characteristics. The results of this study may be of use to policymakers to help with a set insurance premium, priority setting and fund allocation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Willingness to pay for Employment-Based Health Insurance Among Governmental School Workers in Saudi Arabia

Alharbi

2021

INQUIRY

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“…The first publication of the willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold for the KSA was done by Bazarbashi et al, 39 who proposed a country estimate of US $25,600 and $32,000 from the demand-side approach that represents societal WTP. The proposed threshold provided in this analysis is close to the lower range of the WHO CHOICE recommendations (1 times the GDP per capita).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodological Approaches to Cost-Effectiveness Analysis in Saudi Arabia: What Can We Learn? A Systematic Review

Maraiki

Bazarbashi

Scuffham

et al. 2022

MDM Policy & Practice

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Objective The recent establishment of the health technology assessment (HTA) entity in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has resulted in increased interest in economic evaluation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the technical approaches used in published economic evaluations and the limitations reported by the authors of the respective studies that could affect the ability to perform economic evaluations in the KSA. Methods We conducted a systematic literature review of published economic evaluations performed for the KSA over the past 10 years. An electronic literature search of the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases was performed. A CHEERS checklist was used to assess the quality of reporting. Reported limitations were classified into domains including the definition of perspectives, identification of comparators, estimation of costs and resources, and use of the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio threshold. Results Twelve evaluations were identified; most involved cost-effectiveness analysis (92%). Missing and unclear data were found within the CHEERS criteria. Regardless of the perspective used, most described the perspective as an “institutional” perspective (70%) and almost half were reclassified by the current reviewer (42%). Most did not clearly state the comparator (83%), and published model comparators were commonly used (50%). Resource estimation was mostly performed by the authors of the respective studies (67%), and costs were mostly obtained from hospital institutional data (75%). The lack of an established threshold for the country-specific willingness to pay was observed in 50% of the analyses. Conclusions Economic evaluations from the KSA are limited. Capacity building and country-specific HTA guidelines could improve the quality of evaluations to better inform decision making. Highlights Economic analysis of health technology should follow standard guidelines. Unfortunately, these guides are often underutilized, and our findings identify considerable missing, not clearly stated, or incomplete data within the analyses, which can weaken the impact of the recommendations. The limitations reported by the authors of the respective studies emphasize the suboptimal quality of the reporting. A lack of data was frequently identified and resulted in using “institutional” practice as a major source of data input for the analyses. In light of the call for the establishment of an HTA entity in the KSA, framing a standard analytic approach when conducting economic evaluations will support HTA in informing resource allocation decisions. We hope that our findings highlight the need for country-specific guidance to improve practice and enhance future research.

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“…Out of the four CV studies, the study that elicited the highest WTP ($589,822) for a QALY was a study conducted among the general population in Sweden that elicited their WTP for an insurance scheme that provided access to a drug that would prolong their lives if they were diagnosed with cancer for the next 10 years [45]. Another study in Saudi Arabia reported an OOP WTP of $32,142 to move from a state of stage 3 colorectal cancer to perfect health among 378 respondents who were either cancer patients or general population [46]. In Thailand, the OOP WTP of 300 respondents to move between different health states of lung cancer was between − $4,973 to $46,039 for patients and − $2452 to $71,642 for general population [47].…”

Section: Wtp Outcomes Reportedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For studies using CV method, only 3/24 (12.5%) studies [45,61,66] were considered of high quality, 13/24 (54.2%) were of moderate quality [46,55,58,59,62,64,68,71,73,76,[79][80][81], and 8/24 (33.3%) [47,54,56,60,63,67,70,77] were of low quality. Majority of the CV studies lacked information on test for validity and reliability, with only 50% and 16.7% of the studies reporting on validity and reliability test, respectively.…”

Section: Quality Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Willingness-to-pay for cancer treatment and outcome: a systematic review

et al. 2021

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Background Understanding patient preferences in cancer management is essential for shared decision-making. Patient or societal willingness-to-pay (WTP) for desired outcomes in cancer management represents their preferences and values of these outcomes. Objective The aim of this systematic review is to critically evaluate how current literature has addressed WTP in relation to cancer treatment and achievement of outcomes. Methods Seven databases were searched from inception until 2 March 2021 to include studies with primary data of WTP values for cancer treatments or achievement of outcomes that were elicited using stated preference methods. Results Fifty-four studies were included in this review. All studies were published after year 2000 and more than 90% of the studies were conducted in high-income countries. Sample size of the studies ranged from 35 to 2040, with patient being the most studied population. There was a near even distribution between studies using contingent valuation and discrete choice experiment. Based on the included studies, the highest WTP values were for a quality-adjusted life year (QALY)

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Empirical Monetary Valuation of a Quality-Adjusted Life-Year in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Willingness-to-Pay Analysis

Cited by 15 publications

References 20 publications

Determinants of Willingness to pay for Employment-Based Health Insurance Among Governmental School Workers in Saudi Arabia

Determinants of Willingness to pay for Employment-Based Health Insurance Among Governmental School Workers in Saudi Arabia

Methodological Approaches to Cost-Effectiveness Analysis in Saudi Arabia: What Can We Learn? A Systematic Review

Willingness-to-pay for cancer treatment and outcome: a systematic review

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