The objective is to address the issue of simplification of physical education classes offered by large colleges and universities. The evaluation standard of physical education curriculum is not unified. The physical education management system focuses on the functions of collecting information, sorting, and statistics and has low timeliness and guiding significance. This paper puts forward an analysis of the construction principle of physical fitness training target system based on machine learning and data mining. This paper uses informational analysis to statistically analyze the healthy behavior of college students, to guide the physical education of college students, and to propose a model for the analysis of healthy sports behavior of college students based on data mining technology. Create a decision tree template for students whose cardiovascular function does not meet the standard using the decision tree algorithm. The association rule algorithm is used to mine the association of five indexes of physical health, so as to judge the hidden law between students’ physical fitness and behavior habits and get the correlation information of various physical health indicators. The simulation results show that, through the prediction of college students’ healthy sports behavior data, when the sample point is 5, the original value data is 16, which is higher than the estimated value, the convergence of the overall data characteristic distribution is good, and the disturbance error is low. Therefore, using this method to analyze the application of college students’ healthy sports behavior has a high accuracy of sports-related data mining and can effectively guide college students’ sports management and training.