Empirical systemic anticoagulation is associated with decreased venous thromboembolism in critically ill influenza A H1N1 acute respiratory distress syndrome patients

Andrea, T.; Tignanelli, Christopher J.; Jacobs, Benjamin; Arya, Shipra; Park, Pauline K.; Wakefield, Thomas W.; Henke, Peter K.; Napolitano, Lena M.

doi:10.1016/j.jvsv.2018.08.010

Cited by 150 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…A relationship was found between DVT and acute respiratory distress syndrome in influenza A H1N1, for which an enhanced leukocyte adhesion to the vein walls due to the production of inflammatory molecules was hypothesized, and empirical anticoagulation was proposed in all patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. 3 Production of procoagulant factors, such as D-dimer and tissue factor, is another possible mechanism that has been well outlined in other community-acquired pneumonias, although no relationship with DVT has been established; a similar procoagulant stimulation can also occur in COVID-19 infection. 4 A third possible favoring element that could also explain the upper limb involvement is the use of a continuous positive airway pressure ventilator, which is often tied in a way that can compress the superficial or deep vessels of the upper limbs; all patients with involvement of the upper limbs, in fact, were receiving continuous positive airway pressure therapy.…”

Section: Upsurge Of Deep Venous Thrombosis In Patients Affected By Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Upsurge of deep venous thrombosis in patients affected by COVID-19: Preliminary data and possible explanations

Marone

Rinaldi

2020

Journal of Vascular Surgery: Venous and Lymphatic Disorders

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Section: Upsurge Of Deep Venous Thrombosis In Patients Affected By Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Upsurge of deep venous thrombosis in patients affected by COVID-19: Preliminary data and possible explanations

Marone

Rinaldi

2020

Journal of Vascular Surgery: Venous and Lymphatic Disorders

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“…Heparins as a class may suppress the cytokine storm induced by activated T cells, macrophages, and monocytes/neutrophils, all with increased IL expression (including IL‐2R/6) 41 . Empiric evidence supports use of treatment dose unfractionated heparin (UFH) as improving thrombosis‐free survival in acute respiratory distress syndrome with influenza A H1N1 but not coronavirus 42 . There is also recent evidence that prophylactic doses of LMWH (namely, enoxaparin at 40‐60 mg subcutaneous [s.c.] daily) or UFH (10 000‐15 000 units/d) appears to be associated with better prognosis in COVID‐19 patients with serious illness meeting sepsis‐induced coagulopathy score of ≥4 or with markedly elevated D‐dimer (>6× ULN) compared to non–heparin users 43 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of institutional antithrombotic protocols for coronavirus 2019

Cohoon

Mahé

Tafur

et al. 2020

Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis

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The coronavirus disease 2019 , first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, is a major public health crisis with new infections increasing exponentially worldwide. 1 COVID-19 is an acute infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) and has contributed to significant morbidity and mortality, including the development of coagulopathy. 2 Similar thrombotic and thromboembolic events have occurred during other viral outbreaks, including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome, and influenza A H1N1. [3][4][5][6][7] Venous thromboembolism (VTE) (ie, deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism [PE]) is a common complication of acute infectious diseases, which increase VTE risk 2-fold to 32-fold. 8-10 Survival among patients with incident and recurrent VTE is significantly reduced, especially after PE. 11 Hospitalized patients with acute medical illness, including infections such as pneumonia, are at increased risk of VTE, both in-hospital and for an extended period of time (up to 45 days) after hospital discharge. 8,9,[12][13][14][15][16] Despite this well-established association, 8-10 there are few data specifically addressing VTE in patients recently hospitalized with COVID-19 infections. 17,18 Indeed, infection-associated VTE might account for a substantial burden of incident or recurrent VTE among those with COVID-19.In addition, small-vessel hyaline thrombus formation has been described in autopsies of patients with COVID pneumonia. 19 There is increasing concern that mortality seen across all age groups may be secondary to PE, as 31% incidence of thrombotic complications in ICU patients with COVID-19 infections is recently reported. PE was the most frequent thrombotic complication and contributed to 81% of thrombotic complications. 20 To improve outcomes, targeted prophylaxis efforts to improve coagulopathy and reduce incident VTE in patients with acute infectious diseases, specifically COVID-19, may be advantageous.Currently, VTE prophylaxis duration is mainly limited to the period of hospitalization, 21 but most VTE events occur within the first month following hospital discharge. 22 Recent data support the finding that an elevated D-dimer (>2× upper limit of normal [ULN]) is anThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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“…DVT has been reported to affect up to 18% of patients on venovenous ECMO, 5 although this number is likely underestimated and could result in death. [1][2][3] Additionally, authors have reported an increased risk of VTE in patients with ARDS owing to influenza A H1N1, which may be seen in other etiologies resulting in ARDS. 3 DVT has also been seen in patients with venoarterial ECMO resulting in massive pulmonary embolism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3] Additionally, authors have reported an increased risk of VTE in patients with ARDS owing to influenza A H1N1, which may be seen in other etiologies resulting in ARDS. 3 DVT has also been seen in patients with venoarterial ECMO resulting in massive pulmonary embolism. 4 Pulmonary embolism may be a lethal complication of ECMO decannulation in this patient population, many of whom were treated for severe acute respiratory and/or cardiac failure with poor cardiopulmonary reserve.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the frequent presence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients undergoing extracorporeal membranous oxygenation (ECMO), [1][2][3][4][5] inferior vena cava (IVC) filter placement can be performed in tandem with ECMO decannulation to avoid the potentially lethal complication of pulmonary embolism. 4,5 However, the presence of a fibrin sheath in the cava may complicate filter placement, leading to inadequate expansion of the filter struts and insufficient caval filtration.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bedside intravascular ultrasound-guided fibrin sheath balloon maceration and inferior vena cava filter placement during extracorporeal membranous oxygenation decannulation

Sherk

Khaja

et al. 2020

Journal of Vascular Surgery Cases, Innovations and Techniques

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Inferior vena cava filter placement during extracorporeal membranous oxygenation decannulation has been described as a technique to prevent potentially lethal pulmonary embolism in this critically ill population. With long-standing extracorporeal membranous oxygenation cannulae, venous fibrin sheaths may develop, which may predispose to filter maldeployment or inadequate embolus filtration. This report describes the use of a balloon catheter to disrupt a fibrin sheath at patient bedside using intravascular ultrasound guidance to facilitate inferior vena cava filter placement.

show abstract

Empirical systemic anticoagulation is associated with decreased venous thromboembolism in critically ill influenza A H1N1 acute respiratory distress syndrome patients

Cited by 150 publications

References 35 publications

Upsurge of deep venous thrombosis in patients affected by COVID-19: Preliminary data and possible explanations

Upsurge of deep venous thrombosis in patients affected by COVID-19: Preliminary data and possible explanations

Emergence of institutional antithrombotic protocols for coronavirus 2019

Bedside intravascular ultrasound-guided fibrin sheath balloon maceration and inferior vena cava filter placement during extracorporeal membranous oxygenation decannulation

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