Employability, Skills Mismatch and Spatial Mismatch in Metropolitan Labour Markets

Houston, Donald

doi:10.1080/0042098042000316119

Cited by 117 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…For previous references, see the empirical survey by Ihlanfeldt and Sjoquist (1998). The evidence of spatial mismatch in European cities is a very recent literature: see Fieldhouse (1999), Houston (2001Houston ( , 2005aHouston ( , 2005b and Patacchini and Zenou (2005) given worker is the number of job vacancies per job seeker within the worker's maximum commuting area, possibly weighted with a distance-decay function (Ihlanfeldt, 2006) or taking into account available transport modes (Shen, 2001;Kawabata, 2003). In this class of indicators, competition for jobs is accounted for by the local pool of job seekers.…”

Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mechanisms of Spatial Mismatch

2007

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Summary. The spatial mismatch hypothesis (SMH) argues that low-skilled minorities residing in US inner cities experience poor labour market outcomes because they are disconnected from suburban job opportunities. This assumption gave rise to an abundant empirical literature, which is rather supportive of the SMH. Surprisingly, it is only recently that theoretical models have emerged, which probably explains why the mechanisms of spatial mismatch have long remained unclear and not properly tested. This article presents relevant facts, reviews the theoretical models of spatial mismatch, confronts their predictions with available empirical results and indicates which mechanisms deserve further empirical tests.

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Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mechanisms of Spatial Mismatch

2007

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“…More recent developments combine the concept of spatial mismatch with the analysis of local prices within a city and the embedded location decisions of workers and firms. Spatial mismatch in the labour market means that people face spatial frictions when accessing jobs in metropolitan areas (Houston 2005a). This phenomenon relates to the way in which low-skilled minorities are affected by distance to job locations (Zenou 2009).…”

Section: Spatial Mismatch and Labour Market Equilibriummentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial mismatch, wages and unemployment in metropolitan areas in Brazil

Barufi

Haddad

2017

REGION

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Abstract. The spatial mismatch hypothesis states that a lack of connection to job opportunities may affect an individual's prospects in the labour market, especially for low-skilled workers. This phenomenon is especially observed in large urban areas, in which low-skilled minorities tend to live far away from jobs and face geographical barriers to finding and keeping jobs. This paper aims to investigate whether this negative relationship between spatial mismatch and labour market outcomes is valid in Brazil after controlling for individual characteristics. Our conclusions indicate that there is no clear relation between different measures of accessibility to jobs and the probability of being unemployed. However, for wages there is a clear correlation, which is stronger in larger metropolitan areas than in the country and has a more detrimental effect for low-skilled workers. This paper contributes to the literature by investigating the spatial mismatch in urban labour markets in Brazil. For the empirical literature in the country, this is an original contribution, as the comparison of intra-urban labour market dynamics of different urban areas provide a more comprehensive perspective of the role city size may play in local labour markets. Given the exploratory nature of this work, our results still rely on strong identification hypotheses to avoid potential bias related to simultaneous location decisions of workers and firms within the city. Even if these conditions do not hold, the results are still meaningful as they provide a better understanding of the conditional distribution of wages and the unemployment rate in the biggest metropolitan areas of Brazil.JEL classification: R32, J64, J31

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“…This is said to ignore the spatial structure of local labour markets and the friction of distance faced by those seeking jobs (Webster, 2006;Houston, 2005). Unless jobs are created within a few miles of concentrations of unemployment, residents in those areas are unlikely to access them (Webster, 1999).…”

Section: Individualised Policiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entering and leaving employment in deprived neighbourhoods undergoing area regeneration

Kearns

Mason

2018

Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit

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Concentrations of worklessness have been persistent in the UK for several decades but have not been tackled effectively by policy. An individualised approach to unemployment has existed, alongside employment policies without a strong geographical component. A reliance on area-based regeneration programmes has shifted from a property-led to a holistic approach, with the potential to address a range of factors associated with employment. To gauge the effectiveness and appropriateness of holistic area regeneration, this paper uses longitudinal survey data to examine movements into and out of employment for people living in deprived areas of Glasgow with concentrated worklessness and subject to area regeneration. There were modest net gains to employment over time in the study areas, and such gains were positively associated with traditional elements of regeneration such as housing improvements and community empowerment. However, other components of regeneration assumed to aid employment, such as social networks and participation in training, were found to have no effect. Other factors that were associated both with entering or leaving employment feature less frequently within regeneration programmes and require more integration into future approaches, particularly increasing physical activity among populations, helping people cope with physical and mental health issues, and improving transport and mobility.

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Employability, Skills Mismatch and Spatial Mismatch in Metropolitan Labour Markets

Cited by 117 publications

References 91 publications

The Mechanisms of Spatial Mismatch

The Mechanisms of Spatial Mismatch

Spatial mismatch, wages and unemployment in metropolitan areas in Brazil

Entering and leaving employment in deprived neighbourhoods undergoing area regeneration

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