“…Among various factors affecting organizational performance, transformational leadership plays a critical role (Lee & Seol, 2021; Macauley, 2018; Xi et al, 2023; Yukl, 1989). Through idealized influence (charisma), inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration, transformational leaders put their subordinates above their immediate self‐interests (Lee et al, 2019; Ng, 2017; Park & Kim, 2021; Podsakoff et al, 1996). When necessary, transformational leaders accommodate and support internal and external change by realigning their organization's values and norms (Bass, 1999; Bontis & Serenko, 2009a; Ilies et al, 2006).…”