“…Existing literature reviews have contributed significantly to the understanding of the barriers and enablers of lean methodology in SMEs (Hasle et al , 2012; Hu et al , 2015; Khazanchi et al , 2007; Magnani et al , 2019; Sony and Mekoth, 2019) but have failed to consider comprehensively the lowest hierarchical level, which was previously found crucial (Vidal, 2007). Hence, authors in the field of lean have emphasized the need for a better understanding of FLEs’ behavioral aspects, alongside the various contextual determinants (Schmidt, 2011; Zhang et al , 2012), especially in the SME context (Campagna et al , 2020; Hu et al , 2015; Losonci et al , 2017; Pearce et al , 2018) in which companies are significantly lagging in lean implementation, besides the great potential (Pech and Vaněček, 2018). However, the existing literature offers anecdotal evidence from studies focusing on employees in SMEs and their role in lean implementation (Hines et al , 2011; Losonci et al , 2017, 2011; Shokri et al , 2016), with the main focus on the identification of critical success factors, readiness to embark on lean applications of human resource practices and measuring employees’ performance.…”