Employer Discrimination: Evidence From Self-Employed Workers

Moore, Robert L.

doi:10.2307/1924197

Cited by 133 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Third is the idea of employer discrimination against gays and lesbians, which would lead to higher self-employment probabilities -and likely higher earnings among the selfemployed -for gays and lesbians (Becker, 1957(Becker, , 1971Moore, 1983). There is little if any evidence to support this theory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-employment, earnings, and sexual orientation

Jepsen

2016

Rev Econ Household

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although many studies document differences by sexual orientation in earnings and other labor-market outcomes, little is known about differences in self-employment. Our study contributes to both the self-employment literature and sexual-orientation literature by analyzing differences in self-employment rates and earnings by sexual orientation. Gay men are less likely to be self-employed than married men, whereas lesbians are equally likely to be self-employed as married women. We find that gay men earn less than married men. We do find, however, that for those gay men who are self-employed, there is little evidence of a further earnings penalty, at least among full-time workers. Lesbians earn at least as much as married women but receive no further earnings premium -or penalty -by being selfemployed, again among full-time workers.JEL codes: J3, J7.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-employment, earnings, and sexual orientation

Jepsen

2016

Rev Econ Household

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The upsurge in interest is at least partly due to arguments that small businesses create a disproportionate share of new jobs in the economy, represent an important source of innovation, and have a notable effect on political decisions in the United States (see Birch 1979, Brown, Hamilton and Medoff 1990, and Acs 1999. 1 In addition, many academicians and policymakers view self-employment as a route out of poverty and as an alternative to unemployment or discrimination in the labor market (Glazer and Moynihan 1970, Light 1972, Sowell 1981, Moore 1983, and Bates 1997. Several states and the federal government are currently promoting self-employment as a way to leave the welfare and unemployment insurance rolls, and there exist a plethora of governmental and private programs promoting business ownership among minorities, women, and other disadvantaged groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Families, Human Capital, and Small Business: Evidence from the Characteristics of Business Owners Survey

Fairlie

Robb²

2007

ILR Review

269

187

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An important finding in the rapidly growing literature on self-employment is that the probability of self-employment is substantially higher among the children of business owners than among the children of non-business owners. Using data from the confidential and restricted-access Characteristics of Business Owners (CBO) Survey, we provide some suggestive evidence on the causes of intergenerational links in business ownership and the related issue of how having a family business background affects small business outcomes. Estimates from the CBO indicate that more than half of all business owners had a self-employed family member prior to starting their business.Conditional on having a self-employed family member, less than 50 percent of small business owners worked in that family member's business suggesting that it is unlikely that intergenerational links in self-employment are largely due to the acquisition of general and specific business human capital and that instead similarities across family members in entrepreneurial preferences may explain part of the relationship. In contrast,estimates from regression models conditioning on business ownership indicate that having a self-employed family member plays only a minor role in determining small business outcomes, whereas the business human capital acquired from prior work experience in a family member's business appears to be very important for business success. Estimates from the CBO also indicate that only 1.6 percent of all small businesses are inherited suggesting that the role of business inheritances in determining intergenerational links in self-employment is limited at best.

show abstract

“…Large earnings di f f e r en ti al b e tw e en s el f -em pl oy e d m en an d wom en a r e al s o f ou n d to b e d u e t o differential effects of housework and family responsibilities (Hundley, 2001). After controlling for differences in some personal characteristics, Moore (1983), nevertheless, found that in self-employment, female/male earnings ratios are much lower than in paid-employment. A different conclusion is that women who choose self-employment have personal characteristics that are less highly valued by the market than women who choose wage-and salary-employment, while the reverse is true for men (Clain, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The nature of self-employment: how does gender matter?

Tervo

Haapanen

2010

IJESB

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT. This paper analyses female and male entrepreneurship and the differences between them in Finland. The female self-employment rate is clearly lower than that of male self-employment in Finland. The paper shows that differing behaviour accounts for differing rates of self-employment between females and males. The predicted earnings differential between self-employment and paid-employment has a divergent effect on the probabilities of self-employment. For males, it is positive, as expected. For females, it has no effect, which accentuates the other motives they have for selfemployment. Both spouse and family are found to have bigger effects on female selfemployment than on male self-employment. Yet personal characteristics are behind entrepreneurship for both sexes. Regional characteristics are more important for male than female self-employment. The analysis is based on a structural probit model and a large register-based data set which represents a 7% random sample of all Finns in 2001.

show abstract

Employer Discrimination: Evidence From Self-Employed Workers

Cited by 133 publications

References 0 publications

Self-employment, earnings, and sexual orientation

Self-employment, earnings, and sexual orientation

Families, Human Capital, and Small Business: Evidence from the Characteristics of Business Owners Survey

The nature of self-employment: how does gender matter?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About