Employing Novel Techniques (Microwave and Sonochemistry) in the Synthesis of Biodiesel and Bioethanol

Single step production of bioethanol from the seaweed Ulva rigida using sonication

“…In principle, use of ultrasound reduces mass transfer limitations, structural rigidity, crystallinity, particle size of biomass, enzyme aggregation and there by accelerates the saccharication and fermentation. 49 Using chemical and sensorial methods of analysis, Pingret et al, demonstrated the negative effects of ultrasound on food processing. Degradation as well as modication of physicochemical properties of food products is reported by the application of ultrasound.…”

Assessment of holocellulose for the production of bioethanol by conserving Pinus radiata cones as renewable feedstock

“…Contrary to conventional heating, during microwave irradiation, interaction takes place between the electromagnetic field and the biomass resulting in rapid and volumetric heating. Such a heating causes explosive effect on biomass particles and the cellulosic structure is altered at the nano regime (Pulidindi and Gedanken, 2015).…”

“…Typical challenges in the production of bioethanol include, pretreatment, hydrolysis, ethanol tolerance of the yeast, ethanol yield, and fermentation rate (Pulidindi and Gedanken, 2015). The generation of fermentation inhibitors like acetic acid, hydroxy methyl furfural, furfural, glycol aldehyde and soluble phenolic compounds is also a prominent issue to be solved (Cavka et al, 2011;Sanda et al, 2011;Carter et al, 2011a, b;Raghu et al, 2011;Yong-Jin et al, 2011;Lee et al, 2011;Huang et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2011;Bellido et al, 2011;Geddes et al, 2011;Sainio et al, 2011;Jayakody et al, 2011).…”

Evaluation of the Potential of Chlorella vulgaris for Bioethanol Production

“…Use of microwave irradiation saves time and energy because the target compounds are heated directly without the requirement of heating the entire furnace or oil bath as required in conventional methods of heating. Localized heating during microwave irradiation causes biomass degradation, resulting in the catalytic species to access the reaction site and lead to the release of the monosaccharides . Koberg et al made a detailed study of the energy consumption for a transesterification process under microwave (batch as well as continuous flow) versus conventional heating methodology.…”