Employing Real Automotive Driving Data for Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy on Lithium-Ion Cells

Lohmann, Nils; Haussmann, Peter; Weßkamp, Patrick; Melbert, Joachim; Musch, Thomas

doi:10.4271/2015-01-1187

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The latter is especially relevant for large battery systems, where high currents are necessary to obtain a sufficient voltage response. Omitting the actuators all together and measuring passively is also a viable option for many systems [112,268,293,[304][305][306][307][308][309][310]. This, however, requires the load current to exhibit dynamic properties in order to be suitable as an excitation signal.…”

Section: Impedancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Before transformation of the acquired data to the frequency domain, preprocessing is performed. Preprocessing steps may include, for example, digital filtering [268,290,314], gain and offset compensation [290,292], segmentation [112,315], windowing [112,306,307,316], zeropadding [308], and down sampling [293,296,312]. Potential uses of digital filtering include HPFs to remove low frequency components [290] and compensate for drift [314], Bandpass Filters (BPFs) as preparation for correlation based postprocessing [268] as well as decimation filters for down sampling [293,296].…”

Section: Impedancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Critical Review of Intelligent Battery Systems: Challenges, Implementation, and Potential for Electric Vehicles

et al. 2021

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This review provides an overview of new strategies to address the current challenges of automotive battery systems: Intelligent Battery Systems. They have the potential to make battery systems more performant and future-proof for coming generations of electric vehicles. The essential features of Intelligent Battery Systems are the accurate and robust determination of cell individual states and the ability to control the current of each cell by reconfiguration. They enable high-level functions like fault diagnostics, multi-objective balancing strategies, multilevel inverters, and hybrid energy storage systems. State of the art and recent advances in these topics are compiled and critically discussed in this article. A comprising, critical discussion of the implementation aspects of Intelligent Battery Systems complements the review. We touch on sensing, battery topologies and management, switching elements, communication architecture, and impact on the single-cell. This review contributes to transferring the best technologies from research to product development.

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Section: Impedancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Impedancementioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Review of Intelligent Battery Systems: Challenges, Implementation, and Potential for Electric Vehicles

et al. 2021

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“…They use a DC to AC converter to generate the pack input signal. Lohmann et al [22] proposed a method for extracting impedance spectra from conventional driving cycle data. In this scenario, the electric motor of the EV generates the signal.…”

Section: A Motivation and Technical Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy With Practical Rest-Times for Battery Management Applications

Messing

Shoa²,

Habibi

2021

IEEE Access

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The State of Charge (SoC), State of Health (SoH), and State of available Power (SoaP) of Lithium-Ion Batteries (LiB) are critical quantities which cannot be measured but must be estimated by Battery Management Systems (BMS) instead. A technique known as Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) provides a non-destructive way of measuring battery impedance, offering detailed insight into the battery state of operation. Several challenges must be solved in to utilize EIS as part of the BMS, including the defining of operating conditions at which to perform the sensitive EIS measurement. In laboratory conditions, several hours of rest are used to ensure a stable response of the battery, but such rest times are impractical for BMS applications. This paper proposes a methodology combining drift compensation and a Voigt-circuit used as a filter to obtain valid EIS data with short rest times under different operating conditions. Extensive tests were conducted on lithium nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) batteries to evaluate the methodology and show how the different operating conditions impact the rest time required for valid EIS measurement. The results show that rest times between 5 and 30 minutes can be used to obtain useful EIS data for a wide range of operating conditions.INDEX TERMS Battery management systems, lithium batteries, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.

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“…In a conventional EIS approach, the DUT is stimulated at only one frequency at a time using sinusoidal excitation signals. In literature, this procedure is referred to as stepped-sine EIS (Lohmann et al, 2015a). The entire excitation power is concentrated on a single frequency, resulting in an excellent signal-to-noise ratio.…”

Section: Standard Impedance Spectroscopy Measurement Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimized mixed-domain signal synthesis for broadband impedance spectroscopy measurements on lithium ion cells for automotive applications

Haussmann

Melbert

2017

J. Sens. Sens. Syst.

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Abstract. A new impedance spectroscopy measurement procedure for automotive battery cells is presented, which is based on waveform shaping. The method is optimized towards a short measurement duration, high excitation power and increased frequency resolution and overcomes limitations of established methods. For a given spectral magnitude profile, a corresponding time domain waveform is derived from the inverse discrete Fourier transform. Applying an identical initial phase angle for each frequency component, the resulting signal exhibits a high peak-to-peak amplitude at relatively low total excitation power. This limits the maximum allowed power for quasi-linear excitation. Altering the phase angles randomly spreads the excitation power across the complete measurement duration. Thereby, linearity is preserved at higher excitation power. A large set of phase patterns is evaluated statistically in order to obtain a phase pattern with a significant peak-to-peak amplitude decrease. By means of numerical optimization, even further peak-to-peak amplitude reduction is achieved. Including window functions in the synthesis concept minimizes spectral leakage without compromising the spectral signal magnitude in the frequency range of interest. A time domain waveform optimized for impedance spectroscopy on lithium ion cells is synthesized based on the proposed approach and evaluated on real automotive cells. The resulting impedance data show good concordance with established standard measurement procedures at significantly reduced measurement duration and charge throughput. Additionally, increased frequency resolution is achieved, enhancing the level of detail of the obtained impedance data. The method is used for improved localization of aging effects in the cells, without further stress of the cells by the measurement procedure.

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Employing Real Automotive Driving Data for Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy on Lithium-Ion Cells

Cited by 17 publications

References 25 publications

Critical Review of Intelligent Battery Systems: Challenges, Implementation, and Potential for Electric Vehicles

Critical Review of Intelligent Battery Systems: Challenges, Implementation, and Potential for Electric Vehicles

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy With Practical Rest-Times for Battery Management Applications

Optimized mixed-domain signal synthesis for broadband impedance spectroscopy measurements on lithium ion cells for automotive applications

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