Employment Adjustments Around Childbirth

Pertold-Gębicka, Barbara; Pertold, Filip; Gupta, Nabanita Datta

doi:10.2139/ssrn.2725046

Cited by 23 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…districts, sponsor more legislation and score higher on a composite measure of legislative effectiveness (Anzia and Berry, 2011;Volden et al, 2013); houses listed by female real estate agents sell for higher prices (Salter et al, 2012;Seagraves and Gallimore, 2013); 16 patients treated by female physicians are less likely to die or be readmitted to hospital (Tsugawa et al, 2016); female pilots are involved in fewer fatal accidents (Bazargan and Guzhva, 2011;Vail and Ekman, 1986); 17 female economists write more clearly. Additionally, if-like senior female economists-women internalise higher standards in somewhat roundabout ways, they could contribute to other labour market phenomena: sectoral and occupational concentration (Blau and Kahn, 2016;Cortés and Pan, 2016;Pertold-Gebicka et al, 2016); women's tendency to under negotiate pay (Babcock and Laschever, 2003) 18 and apply only to jobs they feel fully qualified for (Mohr, 2014). They may likewise reinforce work habits-e.g., conscientiousness, tenacity and diligence-that correlate with quality and connote "femininity": female physicians consult longer with patients (Roter and Hall, 2004); female politicians fundraise more intensely (Jenkins, 2007); 19 female faculty commit fewer instances of academic misconduct (Fang et al, 2013); female lawyers make fewer ethical violations (Hatamyar and Simmons, 2004); female pharmacists are less likely to face performance-related disciplinary action (Schafheutle et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Publishing While Female: are Women Held to Higher Standards? Evidence from Peer Review

Hengel

2022

The Economic Journal

141

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Female authors are underrepresented in top economics journals. In this paper, I investigate whether higher writing standards contribute to the problem. I find: (i) female-authored papers are 1–6 percent better written than equivalent papers by men; (ii) the gap widens during peer review; (iii) women improve their writing as they publish more papers (but men do not); (iv) female-authored papers take longer under review. Using a subjective expected utility framework, I argue that higher writing standards for women are consistent with these stylised facts. A counterfactual analysis suggests senior female economists may, as a result, write at least five percent more clearly than they otherwise would. As a final exercise, I show tentative evidence that women adapt to biased treatment in ways that may disguise it as voluntary choice.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Publishing While Female: are Women Held to Higher Standards? Evidence from Peer Review

Hengel

2022

The Economic Journal

141

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“…Given the limited employment opportunities and low wages Israeli-Palestinian women face in the labor market, the impact of education on employment and earnings may be stronger than among Jewish women. Similarly, education facilitates employment among mothers and reduces the wage penalty: Past research shows that mothers with high levels of education, earnings, and job experience are less likely to interrupt employment around a birth (Gangl and Ziefle 2009; Pertold-Gebicka, Pertold, and Gupta 2016; Stier and Yaish 2008), and highly educated women incur a smaller motherhood penalty (Anderson, Binder, and Krause 2003). However, even after adjusting for work hours, experience, and education, the motherhood wage penalty remains (e.g., Budig and England 2001; Budig and Hodges 2010; England et al 2016).…”

Section: Background On Motherhood and Employment Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Israeli Ethno-Religious Differences in Motherhood Penalties on Employment and Earnings

Budig

Kraus²,

Levanon

2023

Gender & Society

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Israeli society presents a unique context for studying motherhood’s impacts on employment and earnings: High fertility and marriage rates coincide with high rates of women’s education and employment. While past research finds low motherhood penalties in Israel, ethno-religious group differences in these penalties are unexplored. Ours is the first longitudinal study to examine simultaneously motherhood’s employment and wage penalties among Israeli ethno-religious groups. Using newly available panel data, we find that motherhood deters employment among Israeli-Palestinians more strongly than among Jews, and particularly among less-educated Israeli-Palestinians. Similarly, motherhood wage penalties and ethno-religious disparities are greatest among the least-educated women. For all groups, highly educated women incur smaller motherhood penalties in employment and earnings, and in some cases receive motherhood wage premiums. Public-sector employment, particularly for Muslims, is associated with higher postnatal employment, lower motherhood penalties, and motherhood premiums among the highly educated. The stronger enforcement of anti-discrimination and work–family policies in the public sector, along with its schoolteachers’ collective bargaining agreement that raises maternal earnings, may contribute to its more positive outcomes for Israeli-Palestinian mothers. Our findings suggest that increasing educational attainment and public-sector employment among Israeli-Palestinians may reduce ethno-religious inequality in motherhood’s impact on employment and earnings.

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“…Hotz et al (2018) show that women switch to more “family‐friendly” jobs upon motherhood. Pertold‐Gebicka et al (2016) show that women around motherhood switch from private sector jobs with time pressure and returns to long hours to public sector jobs after the birth of a child. Mas and Pallais (2017) document that women, in particular those with young children, have a higher willingness to pay for family‐friendly job attitudes.…”

Section: Related Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Decomposing gender wage gaps: a family economics perspective

Averkamp,

Bredemeier,

Juessen

2023

Scandinavian J Economics

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We propose a simple way to embed family‐economics arguments for pay differences between genders into standard decomposition techniques. To account appropriately for the role of the family in the determination of wages, one has to compare men and women with similar own characteristics and similar partners. In U.S. survey data, we find that our extended decomposition explains considerably more of the wage gap than a standard approach—in line with our theory that highlights the role of career prioritization in dual‐earner couples.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Employment Adjustments Around Childbirth

Cited by 23 publications

References 4 publications

Publishing While Female: are Women Held to Higher Standards? Evidence from Peer Review

Publishing While Female: are Women Held to Higher Standards? Evidence from Peer Review

Israeli Ethno-Religious Differences in Motherhood Penalties on Employment and Earnings

Decomposing gender wage gaps: a family economics perspective

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